Many college graduates hold strong lifelong emotional affiliations with their alma maters. People will often claim that their university is the best when arguing with friends who attended other schools even though they obviously lack detailed information about the other school. These feelings can persist even in the light of extremely negative actions by their universities (e.g., cheating in NCAA sports, the revealing of unreported crimes by faculty or staff members) or evidence of better performance by the other institutions (e.g., better job placement rates, lower mean graduate debt). Which cognitive bias below most strongly maintains this lifelong loyalty in the face of evidence? Ingroup bias Observational Selection Bias Post-purchase rationalization Confirmation Bias Bandwagon effect
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- Are males or females more likely to be wrong about whether their partner cheated?Are male or females more likely to be wrong about whether their partner cheated?A nonprofit organization conducted a survey of 2140 metropolitan-area teaches regarding their beliefs about problems that hamper students’schooling. The following data were obtained:-900 said that lack of parental support is a problem.-890 said that abused or neglected children are problems. -680 said that malnutrition or students in poor health is a problem-120 said that lack of parental supportand abused or neglected children are problems-110 said that lack of parental support and malnutrition or poor health are problems-140 said that abused or neglected children and malnutrition or poor health are problems-40 said that lackof parental support, abuse or neglect, and malnutrition or poor health are problemsWhatis the probability that a teacher selected at random from this group said that lack of parental support is the only problem hampering students’schooling?
- A computer manufacturer conducted a survey. It showed that a younger customer will not necessarily purchase a lower or higher priced computer. What is likely true?A consulting firm that surveyed consumers’ holiday shopping behavior found that the percentage of consumers from the US, Canada, and China who said that they planned to spend more on holiday shopping were 40%, 34% and 73%, respectively The survey also found that the percentage of consumers from the US, Canada, and China who said that they were willing to share personal information with retailers in order to receive personalized offers from retailers were 55%, 46% and 72%, respectively Assume that there are equal portions of consumers being surveyed from each of the three countries, the survey results are good representations of the three populations of consumers, and whether a consumer plans to spend more on holiday shopping is statistically independent of whether he/she is willing to share personal information with retailers in order to receive personalized offers from retailers If you randomly select a consumer from the US, what is the probability that the consumer plans to…Describe how the following hypothesis is testable, refutable and positive: Married couples who regularly attend religious services have more stable relationships than a couple who do not.
- In February 2012, the Pew Internet & American Life project conducted a survey that includedseveral questions about how Internet users feel about search engines and other websites collectinginformation about them and using this information either to shape search results or targetadvertising to them (Pew Research Center, March 9, 2012). In one question, participantswere asked, “If a search engine kept track of what you search for, and then used that informationto personalize your future search results, how would you feel about that?” Respondentscould indicate either “Would not be okay with it because you feel it is an invasion of yourprivacy” or “Would be okay with it, even if it means they are gathering information aboutyou.” Frequenciesof responses by age group are summarized in the following table. a. What is the probability a survey respondent will say she or he is not okay with thispractice?b. Given a respondent is 30–49 years old, what is the probability the respondent will…Childhood maltreatment is thought to be linked to adult narcissistic traits. In particular, it is thought that the more severe the childhood maltreatment, the more a person would suffer from the vulnerable form of narcissism. Individuals with this type of personality disorder display attention-seeking behaviors, lack empathy, are resentful, have an inferiority complex, and viewcriticism as a personal attack. As a result, these individuals can be very resentful and vindictive towards others. A research clinician has a sample of n=20 patients who have suffered extreme childhood maltreatment and agree to be assessed on a well-known interval scale for vulnerable narcissism. For the general population, scores on the vulnerable narcissism scale are normally distributed with a μ = 25 and s=4. The sample of patients score an average of M=29. Can the research clinician conclude that the sample of patients who have experienced childhood maltreatment score significantly higher in vulnerable…Childhood maltreatment is thought to be linked to adult narcissistic traits. In particular, it is thought that the more severe the childhood maltreatment, the more a person would suffer from the vulnerable form of narcissism. Individuals with this type of personality disorder display attention-seeking behaviors, lack empathy, are resentful, have an inferiority complex, and viewcriticism as a personal attack. As a result, these individuals can be very resentful and vindictive towards others. A research clinician has a sample of n=20 patients who have suffered extreme childhood maltreatment and agree to be assessed on a well-known interval scale for vulnerable narcissism. For the general population, scores on the vulnerable narcissism scale are normally distributed with a μ = 25 and s=4. The sample of patients score an average of M=29. Can the research clinician conclude that the sample of patients who have experienced childhood maltreatment score significantly higher in vulnerable…