Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which an RNA polymerase molecule stops transcription when it reaches certain sites, for intervals that may be as long as several seconds. How might pausing be detected?
Q: Why is the RNA polymerase/RNA/DNA duplex of the RNA polymerizing complex called transcription…
A: Transcription is the process of formation of an mRNA molecule from the DNA in the nucleus. It…
Q: Discuss and make a list of the similarities and differences in theevents that occur during the…
A: The synthesis of a single-stranded RNA from double-stranded DNA where the sequences of RNA are…
Q: What is the production of RNA called and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the process?
A: Nucleic acids are the type of biomolecules that forms the genetic system of almost all living…
Q: What is meant by the term transcription factor modulation? List three general ways this can occur.
A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis process. The conserved part in…
Q: How does C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA…
A: RNA polymerase II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of mRNA and…
Q: What is meant by Rho dependent and independent transcription termination. What is the differences?…
A: Termination in transcription is a point when enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the growing RNA…
Q: What is the experimental basis for concluding that puffs in polytene chromosomes and loops in…
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures present inside the nucleus of the cell. The chromosome is…
Q: What kind of protein required for the initiation of transcription by RNApolymerase ?
A: Introduction Transcription: it is the formation of transcript or RNA, which can be coding or…
Q: What part of the E.coli RNA polymerase specifically binds to the -10 and -35 region of an E.coli…
A: The RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase of Escherichia coli has 6 six subunits. The various subunits…
Q: For each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryoticinitiation of translation be…
A: Initiation factors are a kind of proteins, which bind to the smaller subunit of the ribosome. This…
Q: The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II can be phosphorylated at multiple serine…
A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase II is the holoenzyme found in eukaryotes which promotes the gene…
Q: You have identified a mutant that is missing the C-terminal tail (CTD) of eukaryotic RNA polymerase.…
A: RNA polymerase II is the eukaryotic enzyme catalyzing the transcription process. Transcription is…
Q: Suppose that the string of A nucleotides following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent…
A: Rho-factor is a type of protein, which causes the termination of the transcription process in…
Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents s from dissociating from the RNA…
A: RNA polymerase or DNA dependent RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the template…
Q: During eukaryote transcription initiation, when TFIIE, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, and RNA pol II all join…
A: Transcription factor is a protein that binds to a specific region in DNA that controls the…
Q: Explain why histone eviction or displacement is needed for the elongation phase of transcription to…
A: Histones : It is a basic protein that provides structural support to a chromosome. In order to fit…
Q: why is GTP hydrolysed in translation termination in bacteria? What are the by-products of…
A: The translation termination occurs when the stop codons are placed near the A site. These include…
Q: Transcription occurs at a rate of about 30 nucleotides per second. is it possible to calculate the…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: During RNA chain elongation gyrase proceeds ahead of the transcription bubble in order to
A: This topic is based on transcription bubble.
Q: Initiation of transcription in prokaryotes occurs at very specific sequences called promoters.…
A: The transcription is a process through which information in the DNA molecule is transcribed into…
Q: How is RNAPol recruited to the correct place along the DNA to begin transcription at the +1 site?
A: Francis crick proposed the central dogma. The RNA is transcribed from DNA, and the amino acids are…
Q: List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius…
A: RNA polymerase II is a multuprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA…
Q: The initiation phase of eukaryotic transcription via RNA polymerase II is considered an assembly and…
A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…
Q: Di- and trinucleotides are occasionally released from RNA polymerase at the very start of…
A: The biochemical substance that is carried forward from the preceding generation to the succeeding…
Q: What is a response element? O A) A short stretch of DNA sequence implicated in the initiation of…
A: They are short sequences of DNA within a gene promoter or enhancer region that helps in regulation…
Q: Discuss the three steps of Transcription (Initiation, Elongation, Termination).
A: The process of transcribing a piece of DNA(deoxyribose nucleic acid) into RNA(Ribose nucleic acid)…
Q: Several examples of antisense RNA regulating translation in bacterial cells have been discovered.…
A: Introduction Gene silencing is the technique by which the expression of any gene can be inhibited…
Q: Tabulate the similarities and differences between factor-dependent and factor-independent…
A: Transcription is the process that forms a mRNA sequence from the information encoded in the DNA…
Q: Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma…
A: RNA polymerase is a multi-unit enzyme that uses transcription to create RNA molecules from a DNA…
Q: Explain why histone eviction is needed for the elongation phase of transcription.
A: Introduction: Transcription is a process in which DNA codes are transcribed into RNA codes. In…
Q: What is "wobble" controlled during transcription in a prokaryotic cell? Explain briefly.
A: Wobble hypothesis: Only the first two bases of the codon have a precise pairing with the bases of…
Q: Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which…
A: RNA : It is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding,…
Q: can cells tolerate errors made in transcription in comparison to errors made during DNA replication?
A: RNA polymerase lacks proofreading activity, so the probability of error is more than that of DNA…
Q: Negative supercoiling of DNA favors the transcription of genes because it facilitates unwinding.…
A: Transcription can be defined as the process in which RNA is formed from the DNA. This is the first…
Q: How do we know that eukaryotic transcription factors bind to DNA sequences at or near promoter…
A: Answer: Introduction: Eukaryotic cellular process is regulated in the transcription process and RNA…
Q: Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for transcriptional termination of RNA polymerase II.…
A: Transcription is otherwise known as gene expression and it marks the middle step of the central…
Q: What general transcription factors associate with an RNA polymerase II promoter in addition to the…
A: Transcription is the process of synthesis of mRNA from DNA. RNA polymerase is the enzyme which carry…
Q: Heparin inhibits transcription by binding to RNA polymerase. What properties of heparin allow it to…
A: Heparin is a heterogenous group of straight chain anionic mucopolysaccharides called…
Q: You are studying the rate of transcription of a particular eukaryotic gene. When the DNA located…
A: Transcription is copy of genetic information from DNA to RNA. Eukaryotic transcription is more…
Q: Describe the recognition process by whichthe tRNA for N-formylmethionine interacts with the portion…
A: Interpretation: The description of the recognition process by which N-formylmethionine bound tRNA…
Q: Outline an experimental approach to determining the average chain growth rate for transcription in…
A: Trancription is the process of copying the DNA segment into RNA.
Q: Is RNA polymerase saturated with substrates in vivo? Describe experiments that might indicate…
A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in the process of transcription and is responsible for binding…
Q: How do we know that the orientation of promoters relative to the transcription start site is…
A: Transcription is a process in which a sequence of DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
Q: . Outline an experimental approach to determining the average chain growth rate for transcription in…
A: RNA is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation…
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- List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II can be phosphorylated at multiple serine residues. What are the conditions that lead to the phosphorylated versus nonphosphorylated RNA polymerase II CTD?Di- and trinucleotides are occasionally released from RNA polymerase at the very start of transcription, a process called abortive cycling. This process requires the restart of transcription. Suggest a plausible explanation for abortive cycling.
- What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents s from dissociating from the RNA polymerase core?How does C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?One of the key regulatory principles controlling the activity of RNA Pol II during capping is ___________ of its CTD subunit.
- Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunits or bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begin moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why cant RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription?Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunit and bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begins moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why can't RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription? Be specific.During periods of starvation, translation of only vital mRNAs must occur inside a cell. Explain how eIF2 can mediate both the suppression of translation of non-essential mRNAs and ensure that essential mRNAs continues to be translated.
- Is RNA polymerase saturated with substrates in vivo? Describe experiments that might indicate whether RNA polymerase is operating at Vmax with respect to its nucleotide substrates.. You have identified a mutation in yeast, a unicellular eukaryote, that prevents the capping of the 5′ end of theRNA transcript. However, much to your surprise, all theenzymes required for capping are normal. You determine that the mutation is, instead, in one of the subunitsof RNA polymerase II. Which subunit is mutant, andhow does this mutation result in failure to add a cap toyeast RNA?The Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coil RNA polymerase. Include in your description those features a gene must have for proper recognition and transcription by RNA poIymerase.