Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which an RNA polymerase molecule stops transcription when it reaches certain sites, for intervals that may be as long as several minutes. How might pausing be detected?
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- The Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coil RNA polymerase. Include in your description those features a gene must have for proper recognition and transcription by RNA poIymerase.Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which an RNA polymerase molecule stops transcription when it reaches certain sites, for intervals that may be as long as several seconds. How might pausing be detected?List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?
- Some transcription regulators bind to DNA andcause the double helix to bend at a sharp angle. Such“bending proteins” can affect the initiation of transcrip-tion without directly contacting any other protein. Can youdevise a plausible explanation for how such proteins mightwork to modulate transcription? Draw a diagram that illus-trates your explanation.Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for transcriptional termination of RNA polymerase II. Which model is more similar to ρ-dependent termination in bacteria and which model is more similar to ρ-independent termination?Di- and trinucleotides are occasionally released from RNA polymerase at the very start of transcription, a process called abortive cycling. This process requires the restart of transcription. Suggest a plausible explanation for abortive cycling.
- Initiation of transcription in prokaryotic cells requires not only RNA polymerase, but also an "initiation factor" called the sigma factor or sigma subunit. Why can't the core RNA polymerase, without its sigma subunit, initiate transcription?Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunit and bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begins moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why can't RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription? Be specific.During periods of starvation, translation of only vital mRNAs must occur inside a cell. Explain how eIF2 can mediate both the suppression of translation of non-essential mRNAs and ensure that essential mRNAs continues to be translated.
- Transcription is currently believed to occur in bursts, whereby increased burst frequency is associated with increased promoter strength and RNA synthesis. What is the evidence that this is occurs in cells? Describe in a stepwise detail how phase separation and condensates might contribute to the bursting phenomenon.Transcription occurs at a rate of about 30 nucleotides per second. is it possible to calculate the time required to synthesize a titin mRNA from the information given here?Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunits or bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begin moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why cant RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription?