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- There is current controversy about which group is sister to the rest of the animals. Which two of the following groups are the potential sister groups to all the other animals? a. Ctenophores b. Cnidarians c. Porifera d. Both a. and b. e. Both a. and c.1) Which statement about lungs and gas bladders is true? A) the first osteichthyans had lungs and these lungs were later converted to gas bladders in actinopterygians B) the first osteichthyans had gas bladders and these gas bladders were later converted to lungs in sarcopterygians C) after the two lineages branched apart, actinopterygians evolved gas bladder and sarcopterygians evolved lungs" 2) Why are sharks reliant on ram ventilation unable to breath while remaining in place like other fish do?In your own words: In which ways does the limb orientation of "advanced" tetrapods differ from that of "primitive" tetrapods? What variations have the manus undergone in the evolution of flight (birds, bats, & pterosaurs), swimming, running, & grasping?
- An important evolutionary innovation and a major difference between the limbs of extant lobe-finned fish and extant tetrapods is: Select one: 1. The presence of lobes on the fish fins. 2. Retention of fin rays in tetrapod limbs. 3. Limbs of tetrapods have associated muscles. 4. Limbs are supported by a single basal bone in tetrapods 5. Attachment of the pelvic limbs to the vertebral column via the pelvis in tetrapods. Please explain in detail the correct options as well as the incorrect options.Test Your Understanding 1.Which of the following is not a shared derived character of echinoderms? (a) water vascular system (b) notochord (c) tube feet (d) pentaradial symmetry in adult (e) endoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates and spinesTrilobites (a) were early mollusks (b) are onychophorans (c) are characterized by parapodia and setae (d) were early arthropods (e) are an evolutionary link between annelids and arthropods
- Very few fossils of Sahelanthropus have been found up until now, therefore we do not have a complete image of what its full skeletal anatomy might have looked like. What additional evidence would we need to find in order to better understand the locomotion of this species?Which of the following statements about bilaterian animals is false? A. Many bilaterians are invertebrates but some are not. B. All bilaterians are triploblastic (have three germ layers). C. All bilaterians have bilateral symmetry. D. Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the exoskeleton of an arthropod? A. Always laden with calcium salts. B. Chitinized with an outer layer of cuticle. C. The plates are connected with an articular membrane. D. Composed of the tergum, sternum and pleura plates.
- 1. a) List 5 distinguishing factors of reptiles and their similar characteristics to birds. b) How can you establish the evolutionary relationship between reptiles and birds? c) Amniotes are divided into three groups based on their skull morphologies. What are these three groups, and how do their skulls differ? Which living amniotes have originated from each of these three groups? 2. Fill in the table below. Compare the different orders within each class.1. Both Lepidoptera and Diptera have proboscis. true/false. 2. Phthirapterans have large claws that allow them to grab hairs of mammals and birds. true/false 3. Coronal and frontal sutures can be split when molting. true/false 4. Collembola has a pair of furcula. true/false1.The Order Squamata consists of 3 sub orders.Why are these Suborders so different-give at least 2 distinctive characteristics of each. 2.Why are Tuataras not grouped together with lizards?what is the morphological character that separates them? 3.How the reptile eggs differ from amphibian eggs?Why is this important?