Miniature wings (Xm) in Drosophila result from an X-linked allele that is recessive to the allele for long wings (X*). Give the genotypes of the parents in the following cross: Male parent Female parent Male offspring Female offspring Long Miniature 750 miniature 761 long male: X* / X* and female Xm /X* O male: X* / X* and female Xm /xm O male: X*/ Y and female Xm /xm O male: Xm/ Y and female Xm /xm
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- Human females have two X chromosomes XX; males have one X and one Y chromosome XY. a. With respect to X-linked alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. A female homozygous for an X-linked allele can produce how many types of gametes with respect to that allele? c. A female heterozygous for an X-linked allele can produce how many types of gametes with respect to that allele?. In mice, the dominant allele Gs of the X-linked geneGreasy produces shiny fur, while the recessive wildtype Gs+ allele determines normal fur. The dominantallele Bhd of the X-linked Broadhead gene causesskeletal abnormalities including broad heads andsnouts, while the recessive wild-type Bhd+ alleleyields normal skeletons. Female mice heterozygousfor the two alleles of both genes were mated withwild-type males. Among 100 male progeny of thiscross, 49 had shiny fur, 48 had skeletal abnormalities,2 had shiny fur and skeletal abnormalities, and 1 waswild type.a. Diagram the cross described and calculate thedistance between the two genes.b. What would have been the results if you hadcounted 100 female progeny of the cross?Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive disorder caused by a rare,loss-of-function allele that is located on the X chromosome in humans. Anunaffected woman (i.e., without disease symptoms) who is heterozygousfor the X-linked allele causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy has childrenwith a man with a functional (non-disease-causing) allele. What is theprobability that this couple will have an unaffected son?
- The recessive, X-linked z1mutation of the Drosophilagene zeste (z) can produce a yellow (zeste) eye coloronly in flies that have two or more copies of the wildtype white (w) gene. Using this property, tandem duplications of the w+ gene called w+Rwere identified.Males with the genotype y+ z1w+R spl+ / Y thus havezeste eyes. These males were crossed to females withthe genotype y z1 w+R spl / y+ z1 w+R spl+. (These fourgenes are closely linked on the X chromosome, in theorder given in the genotype, with the centromere tothe right of all these genes: y = yellow bodies; y+ =tan bodies; spl = split bristles; spl+ = normal bristles.) Out of 81,540 male progeny of these females,the following exceptions were found:Class A 2430 yellow bodies, zeste eyes, wild-type bristlesClass B 2394 tan bodies, zeste eyes, split bristlesClass C 23 yellow bodies, wild-type eyes, wild-type bristlesClass D 22 tan bodies, wild-type eyes, split bristlesa. What were the phenotypes of the remainder of the81,540 males…In Drosophila, the autosomal recessive dp allele ofthe dumpy gene produces short, curved wings, whilethe autosomal recessive allele bw of the brown genecauses brown eyes. In a testcross using femalesheterozygous for both of these genes, the followingresults were obtained:wild-type wings, wild-type eyes 178wild-type wings, brown eyes 185dumpy wings, wild-type eyes 172dumpy wings, brown eyes 181In a testcross using males heterozygous for both ofthese genes, a different set of results was obtained:wild-type wings, wild-type eyes 247dumpy wings, brown eyes 242a. What can you conclude from the first testcross?b. What can you conclude from the second testcross?c. How can you reconcile the data shown in parts (a)and (b)? Can you exploit the difference betweenthese two sets of data to devise a general test forsynteny in Drosophila?d. The genetic distance between dumpy and brown is91.5 m.u. How could this value be measured?In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the following genes and mutations are known:Wing size: recessive allele for tiny wings t; dominantallele for normal wings T.Eye shape: recessive allele for narrow eyes n;dominant allele for normal (oval) eyes N.For each of the four following crosses, give thegenotypes of each of the parents.Male FemaleWings Eyes Wings Eyes Offspring1 tiny oval × tiny oval 78 tiny wings, oval eyes24 tiny wings, narrow eyes2 normal narrow × tiny oval 45 normal wings, oval eyes40 normal wings, narrow eyes38 tiny wings, oval eyes44 tiny wings, narrow eyes3 normal narrow × normal oval 35 normal wings, oval eyes29 normal wings, narrow eyes10 tiny wings, oval eyes11 tiny wings, narrow eyes4 normal narrow × normal oval 62 normal wings, oval eyes19 tiny wings, oval eyes
- In Drosophila, a cross was made between females expressing thethree X-linked recessive traits, scute bristles (sc), sable body (s),and vermilion eyes (v), and wild-type males. All females were wildtype in the F1, while all males expressed all three mutant traits.The cross was carried to the F2 generation and 1000 offspringwere counted, with the results shown in the following table. Nodetermination of sex was made in the F2 data. Question:Calculate the coefficient of coincidence; does this represent positive or negative interference? Phenotype Offspringsc s v 314+ + + 280+ s v 150sc + + 156sc + v 46+ s + 30sc s + 10+ + v 14Another recessive mutation in Drosophila, ebony (e), is on anautosome (chromosome 3) and causes darkening of the bodycompared with wild-type flies. What phenotypic F1 and F2 maleand female ratios will result if a scalloped-winged female withnormal body color is crossed with a normal-winged ebony male?Work this problem by both the Punnett square method and theforked-line method.In Drosophila, a cross was made between a yellowbodied male with vestigial (not fully developed)wings and a wild-type female (brown body). The F1generation consisted of wild-type males and wild-typefemales. F1 males and females were crossed, and theF2 progeny consisted of 16 yellow-bodied males withvestigial wings, 48 yellow-bodied males with normalwings, 15 males with brown bodies and vestigialwings, 49 wild-type males, 31 brown-bodied femaleswith vestigial wings, and 97 wild-type females.Explain the inheritance of the two genes in questionbased on these results.
- In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What is the genotypic arrangement of the alleles ofthese genes on the X chromosome of the female?Miniature wings (Xm) in Drosophila result from an X-linked allele that is recessive to the allele for long wings (X +). Give the genotypes of the parents in each of the following crosses. Male parent Female parent Male offspring Female offspring a. long long 231 long, 250 miniature 560 long 250 miniature b. miniature long 610 long 632 long c. miniature long 410 long, 417 miniature 412 long, 415 miniature 417 miniature 415 miniature d. long miniature 753 miniature 761 long e. long long 625 long 630 longIn a cross in Drosophila involving the X-linked recessive eye mutationwhite and the autosomally linked recessive eye mutation sepia(resulting in a dark eye), predict the F1 and F2 results of crossingtrue-breeding parents of the following phenotypes:(a) white females * sepia males(b) sepia females * white malesNote that white is epistatic to the expression of sepia