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- Assignment on KetohexosesConstruct the structure of the following enantiomers or mirror images:1. D and L Fructose2. D and L Allulose3. D and L Sorbose4. D and L TagatoseAmino AcidMetabolism. a. What are the SIXprecursors used in amino acid biosynthesis? b. What are the SEVEN metabolic intermediates that result from amino acid degradation? c. Circle the metabolites found in your answers to both a) & b) above. d) What is the difference between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids? List the glucogenic amino acids, the ketogenic amino acids & the amino acids that are both glucogenic & ketogenic.help with filling in the blanks The amino acid [alanine/aspartate/glutamate] can be transaminated to a- ketoglutarate, the amino acid [alanine/aspartate/glutamate] can be transaminated to pyruvate, and the amino acid [alanine/aspartate/glutamate] can be transaminated to oxaloacetate. As a result, all three amino acids are considered [glucogenic/ketogenic/metagenic]. The carbon of urea comes directly from [carbon dioxide/a-carbon of an amino acid/glucose]. The nitrogen atoms in urea come from [ammonia/DNA/pyruvate] and [aspartate/glutamate/alanine] directly.
- Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy change (G) for hydrolysis of fructose-1. 6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is -16.7 KJ/mol: FBP + H2O fructose-6-P + Pi The standard free energy change (G) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 KJ/mol: ATP + H2O ADP + Pj What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction: ATP + fructose-6-P ADP + FBP b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?Explaining the Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid Synthesis Carefully count and account for each of the atoms and charges in the equations for the synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA, the synthesis of malonyl-CoA, and the overall reaction for the synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA.Isoform of Lactate dehydrogenase LDH
- Help filling in the blanks: Pyridoxal phosphate, PLP, is produced from pyridoxine or vitamin B6. PLP is considered a/an [1C/2C/acyl/amino/carboxyl] carrier. In transaminases, PLP forms a [Schiff base/acetal/phosphoanhydride/condensation] with an amino acid and causes the [a- amino/a-carbon/a-carboxyl] to become [electrophilic/nucleophilic] allowing replacement of the amino group on the amino acid with a ketone. PLP is also used by several other enzymes that work on amino acids because in forming a covalent bond with amino acids it provides for an opportunity for nucleophilic attack and because PLP is conjugated, the cofactor is able to [delocalize/transfer/reduce/stabilize] pi electrons in the substrate and thus [stabilize/delocalize/transfer/reduce] the transition state of the reaction. Production of citrulline occurs in the [cytosol/mitochondrial matrix] while the rest of the urea cycle occurs in the [cytosol/mitochondrial matrix]. Urea is produced in the…Tridecane [CH3(CH2)11CH3] is a major component of the repellent that the stink bug Piezodonis guildinii releases from its scent glands when attacked. What fatty acid gives tridecane on decarboxylation?Palmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important fatty acid component of TAGs and cell membranes. Briefly explain the process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid and the number (only) of FADH, NADH and acetyl CoA outcome. What is the total ATP (only number) generated from this fatty acid after beta oxidation.
- Disadvantages of cholesterol6. Cycle of tricarboxylic acids (TCA):• importance for cellular metabolism;• intracellular localization of TCA enzymes;• sequence of TCA reactions;• TCA enzymes and coenzymes;• substrate phosphorylation reactions in TCA;• decarboxylation reactions in TCA;• enzymes and coenzymes in dihydrogen reactions in TCA;• mechanisms of regulation of TCA.Choices: -cerebroside -monoglycosyl ceramide -glycosphingolipid -all are correct