Most restriction enzymes (RE's) were isolated from bacteria. Since these bacteria require an intact (i.e. undigested) genome in order to survive, what mechanism protects the genomic DNA of bacteria from digestion by their own restriction enzymes?
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- 1. How may recombinant DNA molecules be introduced into human cells? a. by splicing the needed genes into a mammalian chromosome using restriction enzymes. b. by adding plasmids to the mammalian cells. c. by using engineered viruses as vectors. d. by using a gene gun. 2. If someone is accused of a crime, investigators can collect his or her DNA to compare the DNA of the cells found at the crime scene. To collect human DNA, investigators often swab the inside of person’s cheek. Just a few human cheek cells contain enough material to perform PCR. In a cell, the nucleus and mitochondria contain DNA that is the starting material for PCR. Identify the 4 components needed to start a PCR reaction (equipment not included)2. Which of these statements is INCORRECT about restriction enzymes Restriction enzymes form phosphodiester bonds when DNA are assembled Palindromic sequences are recognized by restriction enzymes Restriction enzymes recognize blunt ends Restriction enzymes recognize sticky ends Restriction enzymes originated from bacteriaWhat information and materials are needed to amplify region of DNA using PCR?
- Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR important components of bacterial plasmid cloning vectors? a. The plasmid must have resistance to accept DNA inserts. b. They allow the detection of plasmids that contain an inserted DNA fragment. c. They ensure the presence of the ori site. d. They ensure that the plasmid can be cut by a restriction enzyme. e. They allow identification of bacteria that have taken up a plasmid.The results of a paternity test using short tandem repeats are listed in the table below. Whos the daddy? How sure are you?When Griffith injected mice with a combination of live rough-strain and heat-killed smooth-strain pneumococci, he discovered that (a) the mice were unharmed (b) the dead mice contained living rough-strain bacteria (c) the dead mice contained living smooth-strain bacteria (d) DNA had been transferred from the smooth-strain bacteria to the mice (e) DNA had been transferred from the rough-strain bacteria to the smooth-strain bacteria
- After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis is often used to: a. amplify the DNA. b. convert cDNA into genomic DNA. c. convert cDNA into messenger RNA. d. verify that the desired DNA sequence has been amplified. e. synthesize primer DNA molecules.1. Write if the statement is true and modify the statement with the correct answer if its false a.White colonies represent those bacteria that do not express the genes for beta-galactosidase because restriction enzymes have cut the gene and ligase have not repaired the break b.Antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial transformation are used as marker genes because of ease of detection of transformants. c. Bacterial transformation simply means the insertion of a recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell.1. Given the following restriction endonucleases and the sequences of their corresponding restriction sites, which would be LEAST useful for cutting the plasmid and the foreign DNA to be inserted? [The arrows indicate where cuts are made.] (see img) a. EcoRI b. HindIII c. HaeIII d. BamHI 2. EcoRI and HindIII are two different restriction enzymes. If the DNA from two different sources were cut with either EcoRI or HindIII, which of the cut DNA fragments would NOT join together easily so that they could be sealed with ligase? a. E. coli DNA cut with EcoRI and human DNA cut with HindIII b. E. coli DNA cut with HindIII and mouse DNA cut with HindIII c. human DNA cut with EcoRI and chimpanzee DNA cut with EcoRI d. mouse liver DNA cut with HindIII and mouse kidney DNA cut with HindIII
- 1. The extraction of DNA is a common procedure in biotechnology research laboratories. Research the methods of extracting DNA in biotechnology facilities. Describe how the extraction methods used in this lesson compare to those of research laboratories.9) The diagram to the right represents one technique used in biotechnology. The organic compound used to cut the bacterial DNA so that the human DNA could be inserted a(n)4. What is the name of the process by which bacteria pick up a different organism’s geneticmaterial?5. Genetically, how does the original bacterial DNA (plasmid) differ from the final bacterial DNAmolecule? (Do not say, “It is longer.”)6. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is prescribed to kill bacterial infections. The transformedbacterial cell that you created has the tetracycline resistant gene in it. If this cell is placed on agrowth medium with tetracycline, will the bacteria grow or die? Explain.