Name Class Organic Lab 1: Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) Introduction Hydrocarbons are organic molecules composed of only two elements: hydrogen and carbon. The simplest hydrocarbons are called alkanes. In every alkane, carbons share four pairs of electrons with four other carbons and/or hydrogens. We will build a number of simple ålkanes, examine their structure, and represent them in two and three dimensions. We will also learn how to name alkanes. Materials Each group has a set of molecular models. Notice that the different spheres have different numbers of holes: White (representing Hydrogen) hole(s) Black (representing Carbon) hole(s) The grey sticks represent a pair of shared electrons. The sharėd pair is also known as a chemical bond, or more specifically, a covalent bond. The word "covalent" refers to the valence electrons, which are the electrons that are available for making bonds. How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? The electrons are the “glue" that holds the molecule together. How are the holes related to the valence electrons? A reference table is provided to help you name the alkanes you create. Methods 1. Take a carbon atom and connect four hydrogen atoms. Draw a three- dimensional sketch of what you see and a two-dimensional structural formula on the following page using the chemical symbols C and H instead of spheres. What kind of shape is this molecule?
Name Class Organic Lab 1: Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) Introduction Hydrocarbons are organic molecules composed of only two elements: hydrogen and carbon. The simplest hydrocarbons are called alkanes. In every alkane, carbons share four pairs of electrons with four other carbons and/or hydrogens. We will build a number of simple ålkanes, examine their structure, and represent them in two and three dimensions. We will also learn how to name alkanes. Materials Each group has a set of molecular models. Notice that the different spheres have different numbers of holes: White (representing Hydrogen) hole(s) Black (representing Carbon) hole(s) The grey sticks represent a pair of shared electrons. The sharėd pair is also known as a chemical bond, or more specifically, a covalent bond. The word "covalent" refers to the valence electrons, which are the electrons that are available for making bonds. How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? The electrons are the “glue" that holds the molecule together. How are the holes related to the valence electrons? A reference table is provided to help you name the alkanes you create. Methods 1. Take a carbon atom and connect four hydrogen atoms. Draw a three- dimensional sketch of what you see and a two-dimensional structural formula on the following page using the chemical symbols C and H instead of spheres. What kind of shape is this molecule?
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter22: Organic And Biological Molecules
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated...
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