O ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING DOMINGO V 3/5 Predicting whether molecules are polar or nonpolar Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were na and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. alo HCl polar or nonpolar? molecule or atom closest to polyatomic ion negative side O polar CH,Cl O nonpolar O polar со, O nonpolar O polar CIF O nonpolar

O ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING DOMINGO V 3/5 Predicting whether molecules are polar or nonpolar Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were na and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. alo HCl polar or nonpolar? molecule or atom closest to polyatomic ion negative side O polar CH,Cl O nonpolar O polar со, O nonpolar O polar CIF O nonpolar

Chemistry In Focus

7th Edition

ISBN:9781337399692

Author:Tro, Nivaldo J.

Publisher:Tro, Nivaldo J.

Chapter5: Chemical Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46E: CH3COCH3 (acetone) is a common laboratory solvent that is often used in nail polish remover. Its...

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Fill in the blanks in each line of the following table that involves characteristics of various bonds between nonmetals. The first line is already completed as an example.
Consider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2, SO3, NF3, IF3, CF4, SF4, XeF4, PF5, IF5, and SCl6. These 12 compounds arc all examples of different molecular structures. Draw the Lewis structures for each and predict the molecular structure. Predict the bond angles and the polarity of each. (A polar molecule has a net dipole moment, while a nonpolar molecule docs not.) See Exercises 115 and 116 for the molecular structures based on the trigonal bipyramid and the octahedral geometries.
Acrolein is the starting material for certain plastics. (a) Which bonds in the molecule are polar and which are nonpolar? (b) Which is the most polar bond in the molecule? Which atom is the partial negative end of this bond?
Which of the following statements is false concerning bonding? Elements with extremely different electronegativities tend to form ionic bonds with each other. In an N—O bond. electron density is greater near the O atom. An N—O bond is an example of a polar covalent band. In general, chemical bonds form to minimize energy. The bond in KBr is formed by sharing electrons.
For each of the following molecules, complete the Lewis structure and use the VSEPR model to determine the bond angles around each central atom. Note that the drawings are only skeleton structures and may depict the angles incorrectly.
In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.
7.30 The bond in HF is said to be polar, with the hydrogen carrying a partial positive charge. For this to be true, the hydrogen atom must have less than one electron around it. Yet the Lewis dot structure of HF attributes two electrons to hydrogen. Draw a picture of the electron density distribution for HF and use it to describe how the hydrogen atom can carry a partial positive charge. How can these two models of the HF bond (the electron density and the Lewis structure) seem so different and yet describe the same thing?
CH3COCH3 (acetone) is a common laboratory solvent that is often used in nail polish remover. Its Lewis structure and space-filling molecular image are shown here: Acetone is a polar molecule; the oxygen end has a slightly negative charge (oxygen is more electronegative), whereas the carbon and hydrogen end has a slightly positive charge. In liquid acetone, the molecules are attracted to each other via these polar ends-the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of its neighbor-and therefore align as shown here: Draw a Lewis structure and space-filling molecular image for CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), another common laboratory solvent. Is the molecule polar? Which end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge? Which end has a slightly positive charge? Draw several space-filling molecular images of CH2Cl2 showing how they align in liquid dichloromethane.
A student makes the following statement: “The shape of water is tetrahedral because the fourelectron pairs about oxygen are approximately 109.5° apart and point to the corners of atetrahedron.” What misconception does this statement convey?
Is the Cl2BBCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar?
Successive substitution of F atoms for H atoms in the molecule CH4 produces the molecules CH3F, CH2F2, CHF3, and CF4. a. Draw Lewis structures for each of the five molecules. b. Using VSEPR theory, predict the geometry of each of the five molecules. c. Specify the polarity (polar or nonpolar) for each of the five molecules.
The compound whose molecles contain one atom of C and one of O is named carbon monoxide rather than oxygen monocarbide. Why is this the case?