of Male Adolescent (aged 15 to 19). The respondents were randomly assigned to answer the survey using the traditional paper form (n = 368) or using a laptop computer (n = 1,361). The paper questionnaire was filled out and sealed in an envelope to return to the surveyor but was accompanied by identifying code numbers. The computer method included listening to questions through headphones, and then

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
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Chapter10: Statistics
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It is particularly difficult to measure information on behavior that is sensitive, risky, or illegal. In an article in Science, Turner et al.† describe the use of audio, computer-assisted self-interviews as part of the 1995 National Survey of Male Adolescent (aged 15 to 19). The respondents were randomly assigned to answer the survey using the traditional paper form

(n = 368)

or using a laptop computer

(n = 1,361).

The paper questionnaire was filled out and sealed in an envelope to return to the surveyor but was accompanied by identifying code numbers. The computer method included listening to questions through headphones, and then recording the answers on a laptop computer. The authors believed that this method would allow respondents to feel that their responses were more private. In particular, respondents who could not read would need to have the paper version read to them, whereas the audio-computer method allowed complete self-administration of the survey.

Results indicated that the additional perception of privacy increased the reported incidence of certain behaviors while decreasing the reporting of others. The behaviors with increased reported incidence for the audio-computer version tended to be less socially acceptable, while those with higher reported incidence for the paper version tended to be more socially acceptable (for the adolescent males in this survey).
Which two of the seven "Possible Sources of Response Bias in Surveys" are illustrated by this example. (Select all that apply.)
deliberate bias in questionsunintentional bias in questionsdesire of respondents to pleaseasking the uninformedunnecessary complexityordering of questionsconfidentiality and anonymity concerns
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