onsider a two period model of a small n economy. Being careful to state any mptions you make, derive the optimal of consumption as a function of ent and e output. onsider a growing economy (i.e., ut tomorrow is greater that output y). Show
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- Please no written by hand solution Consider a scenario of a closed economy in the short run where price level is fixed. Assume that bothtaxes and money supply increase in a way that keep output constant in equilibrium (suppose that themarginal propensity to consume is less than one). Which of the following may result from the policychange?a) It will lead to an increase in investment but a decrease in consumption.b) It will result in an increase in investment but a decrease in government spending.c) It will lead to an increase in investment and private saving.d) It will decrease investment but increase in public saving.A country’s GDP is defined by the following equation: GDP = Consumer Spending + Investmentspending. The economy of this country is closed and there’s no government. Investment spendingis defined by the following equation: Investment Spending = Investment (planned) + Investment(unplanned). Investment (planned) is fixed at 350. Consumer spending is defined by thefollowing equation: Consumer spending = 200 + 0.55 (GDP). And for this country, PlannedExpenditure = Consumer Spending + Investment Planned. Based on this information, attempt thefollowing questions:a. “Investment (unplanned) will be negative if GDP is 900” – showing work, test theauthenticity of this statement. b. How do you think GDP (and production) will change if the income of this country is 1500?Explain by deriving Investment (unplanned) for an income of 1500. c. Derive the GDP for which Planned Expenditure = GDP. d. Supposed Investment (planned) was increased to 450. How will income-expenditureequilibrium change. e. Relate…I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs too): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?
- A. Explain the concept of Ricardian Equivalence. Do you believe it holds in practice? Why or why not? Explain. B. Under what circumstances might an increase in worldwide interest rates r* be beneficial for a small open economy (SOE)? Explain. C. What argument, based on macroeconomic theory, might a government use to justify shutting down a newspaper critical of its policies? If you were asked to provide a counterargument, what would it be? Explain.Imagine that the U.S. economy finds itself in the followingsituation:agovernmentbudgetdeficitof$100 billion, total domestic savings of $1,500 billion, and total domestic physical capital investment of $1,600 billion.Accordingtothenationalsavingandinvestment identity,whatwillbethecurrentaccountbalance?What willbethecurrentaccountbalanceifinvestmentrisesby $50billion,whilethebudgetdeficitandnationalsavings remain the same?I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs where possible): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?
- We again assume asimple closed economy with GDP of 100 and:c0(autonomous consumption) = 20c1 (marginal propensity to consume) = 0.6I (investment) = 20.a) Now assume that c0falls by 5 (i.e. 5% of GDP), i.e. for any given level of output,consumption will fall by 5. Show the implied fall in the AD function in yourdiagram and show that output will fall by more than 5.b) Show that the multiplier is equal to 2.5, and hence that, in the new equilibrium,output will have fallen by 12.5 (i.e. by 12.5%)c) How big would the impact be if, say, c1 = 0.4 or c1 = 0.8? Explain the difference.Consider an economy described by the following data:C = $3.25 trillionI = $1.3 trillionG = $3.5 trillionT = $3.0 trillionNX = - $1.0 trillionf = 1mpc = 0.75d = 0.3x = 0.1a. Derive simplified expressions for the consumptionfunction, the investment function, and the net exportfunction.b. Derive an expression for the IS curve.c. If the real interest rate is r = 2, what is equilibriumoutput? If r = 5, what is equilibrium output?d. Draw a graph of the IS curve showing the answersfrom part (c) above.e. If government purchases increase to $4.2 trillion,what will happen to equilibrium output at r = 2?What will happen to equilibrium output at r = 5?Show the effect of the increase in government purchases in your graph from part (d).Consider an economy in which the consumption, investment and production functions are as follows.C = 90 + 0:7(Y - T)I = 250 - 20r F(K;L) = AK1=2L1=2The capital and labor supply are equal to 100 each, A=10, G = 200 and T = 200. Compute theequilibrium values of output, overall labor income, consumption, public savings, national savings,investment, and the interest rate.Suppose now government spending decreases to G=100 (everything else stays the same). Whathappens to output, consumption, savings, investment and the interest rate? Compute the newvalues for these variables.
- Consider the basic Keynesian-cross model (without government or foreign sectors), where themarginal propensity to consume out of each dollar of disposable income is 60 cents. Initially,autonomous consumption is $350 billion, and Planned investment is $150 billion. Then, animalspirits soar and businesses increase Planned investment to $200 billion. What is the change inequilibrium output (to the closest billion)?Course: Macroeconomic - IS-LM Model Prove mathematically the following: Given an increase in the proportional tax on income(t), what happens to the level of output and to the tax?" . Hint: for demostration, use the IS general function for a closed economy Y = C + I + G, where C = a + c*YD and YD = Y + TR - Y*t (where t = proportional income tax) and realize changes i.e., from "t1" to "t2"Consider the intertemporal model with two time periods. Home is a small open economy thatcan borrow and lend in the first period at a fixed world real interest rate of r* = 4%. In thefirst period output is Q0 = 800. Because of a recession, output in the second period output isexpected to fall to Q1 = 500. The country wants to smooth consumption as much as possible.The country begins with no external assets or liabilities. Finally, assume that the intertemporalutility function at home isu(c0) + βu(c1)where β = 1/1+r*u is concave (i.e. consumers are risk averse and want to smooth consumption).(a) Solve for consumption, the current account, and financial account in the first period (t = 0).(b) Solve for the trade balance, current account, and financial account in the second period(t = 1).(c) Would Home be better off or worse off if the world interest rate is 1% instead of 4%?Explain using the appropriate equations.