Course: Macroeconomic - IS-LM Model Prove mathematically the following: Given an increase in the proportional tax on income(t), what happens to the level of output and to the tax?" . Hint: for demostration, use the IS general function for a closed economy Y = C + I + G, where C = a + c*YD and YD = Y + TR - Y*t (where t = proportional income tax) and realize changes i.e., from "t1" to "t2"
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Course:
Prove mathematically the following:
Given an increase in the proportional tax on income(t), what happens to the level of output and to the tax?" .
Hint: for demostration, use the IS general function for a closed economy Y = C + I + G, where C = a + c*YD and YD = Y + TR - Y*t (where t = proportional income tax) and realize changes i.e., from "t1" to "t2"
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- Please no written by hand and no emage Consider a small economy that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. Suppose that the economy has the following consumption function, where C is consumption, Y is real GDP, I is investment, G is government purchases, and T stands for net taxes: C=40+0.5*(Y-T) Suppose G= 165 billion, I=50 billion, and T=10 billion. Given the consumption function and the fact that for a closed economy total expenditure can be calculated as Y=C+I+GY=C+I+G, the equilibrium output level is equal to _____ billion. Suppose the government purchases are increased by $100 billion. The new equilibrium level of output will be equal to _____ billion. Based on the effect of the change in government purchases on equilibrium output, you can tell that this economy's spending multiplier is equal to _____.Suppose we are in an economy with rich households and poor households. Rich and poor households have different consumption functions, with Cpoor = 100 + 35(Y poor − Tpoor) Crich = 100 + 15(Y rich − Trich) where Y rich, Y poor are the incomes of rich and poor households and T rich, T poor are the taxes faced by rich and poor households. We also have I = 200,G = 100, T = T poor + T rich = 100. Closing out the model, Y = C + I + G = Cpoor + Crich + I + G a Suppose that Y poor = Y rich Y2 (in other words, the total income of poor households is equal to total income of rich households.) Supposing further that T rich = T poor = 50, calculate equilibrium output Y . b Now suppose that Trich = 40,Tpoor = 60. What is equilibrium output now? c How can the government increase output without changing the deficit (hint: think about the difference between output in b and output in c.) d Now assume that T rich = 40, T poor = 60, but instead of output being split equally between rich and poor…i need this in word not handwritten Q7. Assume that in 2015, the following prevails in the Republic of Nurd: Y = $200 G = $0 C = $160 T = $0 S = $40 I (planned) = $30 Assume that households consume 80 percent of their in- come, they save 20 percent of their income, MPC = 0.8, and MPS = 0.2. That is, C = 0.8Yd and S = 0.2Yd. Is the economy of Nurd in equilibrium? What is Nurd’s equilibrium level of income? What is likely to happen in the coming months if the government takes no action? 2. If $200 is the “full-employment” level of Y, what fiscal policy might the government follow if its goal is full employment? 3. If the full-employment level of Y is $250, what fiscal policy might the government follow? 4. Suppose Y = $200, C = $160, S = $40, and I = $40. Is Nurd’s economy in equilibrium? 5. Starting with the situation in part d, suppose the government starts spending $30 each year with no taxation and continues to spend $30 every period. If I remains constant, what…
- - Assuming that there is no government spending or trade, an economy’s GDP is the sum of domestic consumption C and investment I, i.e. Y = C+ I- Assume that I is unaffected by GDP- Assume the consumption function is C = c + c Y- In any equilibrium aggregate demand, AD must be equal to Y, GDP. Which NINE of the following statements are correct? a. The aggregate demand equation is given by AD = c + c Y + I b. c is equal to autonomous consumption c. if c is a number between 0 and 1, and I+c >0 then the aggregate demand equation is a straight line that must intersect the 45 degree line at some point. d. In a demand-driven economy the AD curve is a vertical line e. In a demand-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium f. In a supply-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium g. In a demand-driven economy, supply creates its own demand h. If the economy above is a demand-driven economy, then the equilibrium solution for Y is given by Y= c + c + I i. If…Suppose a closed economy with no government spending which in equilibrium is producing an output and income of 2500. Suppose also that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.80, and that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3900 By how much would the government need to cut taxes (T) to bring the economy to full employment?Create three diagrams for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model for a public closed economy by adding different taxes. For the Diagram #1 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75 Taxes: $1500;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #2 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $ 6000; MPC: 0.75;Taxes: $3000;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #3 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75; Taxes: $2500Potential Output: $16500Explain each diagram by determining economic gaps and/or equilibriums. How does an increase in taxes affect GDP? How does a decrease in taxes affect GDP?
- Suppose that the federal government decides to reduce the budget deficit and cuts government purchases by $200 billion and raise personal income taxes by $200 billion. Suppose the MPC = .5. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the government spending cut? Show your work. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the tax increase? Show your work. (Note: we know these numbers in parts A & B are not accurate quantitative assessments of the policy actions - but the exercise allows us to think about the mechanisms through which these policy actions will affect the economy.) Using the above numbers, draw the AS-AD diagram and illustrate the short-run impact of the combined policy action assuming the economy begins at potential output. Label the original equilibrium with point "A" and the new short-run equilibrium with point "B". Be sure to label the magnitude of the curve shift. Describe the impact of the policy action on…please explain this question in words. Assume that fiscal policy can be accomplished by changing only one of G and T. In the IS-LM framework, suppose the effect on the general equilibrium output is the same between expansionary fiscal policy and expansionary monetary policy. Which one would you expect to have a greater impact on the equilibrium consumption?You are given data on the following variables in an economy: Government spending 300 Planned investment 200 Net exports 50 Autonomous taxes 250 Income tax rate 0.1 Marginal propensity to consume 0.5 Use the data above to answer the following questions. Consumption (C) is 600 when income (Y) is equal to 1500. Solve for autonomousconsumption. Solve for the equilibrium level of output in the following two scenarios: there isan income tax t=0.1, there is no income tax in the economy. Denote these two variablesby and respectively. In the economy with an income tax of 10%, what is the budget balance of thegovernment? Solve…
- Equal increases in government spending andtaxes willa. cancel each other out so that the equilibriumlevel of real GDP remains unchanged.b. lead to an equal decrease in the equilibriumlevel of real GDP.c. lead to an equal increase in the equilibriumlevel of real GDP.d. lead to an increase in the equilibrium levelof real GDP output that is larger than theinitial change in government spendingand taxes.Suppose that due ot a fiscal stimulus, there is an increase in disposable incomes of $100 billion in the first round. Then, $33 billion was spent in consumption from this initial change of the disposable incomes. Following the same marginal propensity to consume, how much is the change in consumption spending in the next round from the $33 billion?Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $10 billion raises the total demand for goods and services by $30 billion. a. If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, what would they estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be? b. Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Would their new estimate of the MPC be larger or smaller than their initial one?