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Pesticides A study published in 2002 in the journalEnvironmental Health Perspectives examined the genderratios of children born to workers exposed to dioxin inRussian pesticide factories. The data covered the yearsfrom 1961 to 1988 in the city of Ufa, Bashkortostan,Russia. Of 227 children born to workers exposed todioxin, only 40% were male. Overall in the city of Ufa, the proportion of males was 51.2%. Is this evidencethat human exposure to dioxin may result in the birth of more girls? (An interesting note: It appeared that pater-nal exposure was most critical; 51% of babies born to mothers exposed to the chemical were boys.)

Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)

Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337111348

Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell

Publisher:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell

Chapter5: A Survey Of Other Common Functions

Section5.3: Modeling Data With Power Functions

Problem 6E: Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying...

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Pesticides A study published in 2002 in the journal
Environmental Health Perspectives examined the gender
ratios of children born to workers exposed to dioxin in
Russian pesticide factories. The data covered the years
from 1961 to 1988 in the city of Ufa, Bashkortostan,
Russia. Of 227 children born to workers exposed to
dioxin, only 40% were male. Overall in the city of Ufa,

the proportion of males was 51.2%. Is this evidence
that human exposure to dioxin may result in the birth of

more girls? (An interesting note: It appeared that pater-
nal exposure was most critical; 51% of babies born to

mothers exposed to the chemical were boys.)

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Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?
Population Genetics In the study of population genetics, an important measure of inbreeding is the proportion of homozygous genotypesthat is, instances in which the two alleles carried at a particular site on an individuals chromosomes are both the same. For population in which blood-related individual mate, them is a higher than expected frequency of homozygous individuals. Examples of such populations include endangered or rare species, selectively bred breeds, and isolated populations. in general. the frequency of homozygous children from mating of blood-related parents is greater than that for children from unrelated parents Measured over a large number of generations, the proportion of heterozygous genotypesthat is, nonhomozygous genotypeschanges by a constant factor 1 from generation to generation. The factor 1 is a number between 0 and 1. If 1=0.75, for example then the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 25 in each generation In this case, after 10 generations, the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 94.37, since 0.7510=0.0563, or 5.63. In other words, 94.37 of the population is homozygous. For specific types of matings, the proportion of heterozygous genotypes can be related to that of previous generations and is found from an equation. For mating between siblings 1 can be determined as the largest value of for which 2=12+14. This equation comes from carefully accounting for the genotypes for the present generation the 2 term in terms of those previous two generations represented by for the parents generation and by the constant term of the grandparents generation. a Find both solutions to the quadratic equation above and identify which is 1 use a horizontal span of 1 to 1 in this exercise and the following exercise. b After 5 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous? c After 20 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous?

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