Please find the Asset Beta (IndustryBeta) based on the following information below: Currently, Ljutic A/I Inc. has hired a consulting firm (Oakland Association-OA) to estimate the size of the market and hence expected unit sales for its main product (E-toral application sensor). OA’s work resulted in unit sales estimates of 318,331, 341,342, 368,769, 383,432, and 376,532 units respectively for the next five years conditioned on Ljutic adhering to an average sales price of $568 per unit for the first two years and $387 in years three, four, and five.  From that point going forward, growth in unit sales is predicted to be 2.72% indefinitely. The results of an independent outside analysis by a leading market research firm has determined that the company can manufacture its product line at a variable cost per unit expected to be $63.47 growing at 2.23% per year for the first 5 years and 3.17% per year indefinitely thereafter while overall fixed costs are estimated to be $10,482,000 annually for the first year and then grow 2.97% per year indefinitely. The necessary capital expenditures are projected to be $31,673,500 upfront and due to the nature of the investments that Ljutic A/I Inc. makes, it is deemed by the IRS to be depreciated on the five-year MACRS schedule. In the terminal phase of growth, it is projected that investment strategy will morph into and likely change to that of a support structure for AI/AR opportunities closely aligned with cyber security applications as service revenues become more annuitized.  Working capital to support sales is estimated to be 15.65% of yearly sales for the first 5 years and then is projected to slow to a 4.59% annual growth rate thereafter. The marginal corporate income tax rate is expected to average 23.67% barring any changes to the corporate tax code and the projected annual growth rate of Free Cash Flow (FCF) in the terminal phase is expected to grow approximately 1% more than the current risk-free rate of return indefinitely.  Historically, the debt-equity ratio has averaged roughly 116% for which Ljutic A/I Inc.’s current debt level is $39,889,950 with an average maturity of 6 years and an interest rate on this debt averaging 8.175%.  Upon a regression analysis, the historical equity Beta was calculated to be 2.067, while the risk-free rate of return is given as 2.876% and the market rate of return is assumed to be 12.45%.  Currently there are 3,231,443 shares of common stock outstanding.

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6th Edition
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Chapter14: Security Structures And Determining Enterprise Values
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Please find the Asset Beta (IndustryBeta) based on the following information below:

Currently, Ljutic A/I Inc. has hired a consulting firm (Oakland Association-OA) to estimate the size of the market and hence expected unit sales for its main product (E-toral application sensor). OA’s work resulted in unit sales estimates of 318,331, 341,342, 368,769, 383,432, and 376,532 units respectively for the next five years conditioned on Ljutic adhering to an average sales price of $568 per unit for the first two years and $387 in years three, four, and five.  From that point going forward, growth in unit sales is predicted to be 2.72% indefinitely.

The results of an independent outside analysis by a leading market research firm has determined that the company can manufacture its product line at a variable cost per unit expected to be $63.47 growing at 2.23% per year for the first 5 years and 3.17% per year indefinitely thereafter while overall fixed costs are estimated to be $10,482,000 annually for the first year and then grow 2.97% per year indefinitely.

The necessary capital expenditures are projected to be $31,673,500 upfront and due to the nature of the investments that Ljutic A/I Inc. makes, it is deemed by the IRS to be depreciated on the five-year MACRS schedule. In the terminal phase of growth, it is projected that investment strategy will morph into and likely change to that of a support structure for AI/AR opportunities closely aligned with cyber security applications as service revenues become more annuitized. 

Working capital to support sales is estimated to be 15.65% of yearly sales for the first 5 years and then is projected to slow to a 4.59% annual growth rate thereafter. The marginal corporate income tax rate is expected to average 23.67% barring any changes to the corporate tax code and the projected annual growth rate of Free Cash Flow (FCF) in the terminal phase is expected to grow approximately 1% more than the current risk-free rate of return indefinitely. 

Historically, the debt-equity ratio has averaged roughly 116% for which Ljutic A/I Inc.’s current debt level is $39,889,950 with an average maturity of 6 years and an interest rate on this debt averaging 8.175%.  Upon a regression analysis, the historical equity Beta was calculated to be 2.067, while the risk-free rate of return is given as 2.876% and the market rate of return is assumed to be 12.45%.  Currently there are 3,231,443 shares of common stock outstanding. 

K
L
1
Calculation of Operating Cash Flow
Year
1
2
3
4
5
Sales (in units)
Sales price per unit
3,18,331
3,41,342
3,68,769
3,76,532
3,83,432
387.00 S
387.00 S
$ 18,08,12,008.00 $ 19,38,82,256.00 S 14,27,13,603.00 $ 14,83,88,184.00 S 14,57,17,884.00
66.33 S
S 2,02,04,468.57 S 2,21,48,105.72 S 2,44,61,305.16 S 2,60,01,112.81 S 2,61,02,603.87
$ 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00 $ 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00
568.00 S
568.00 S
387.00
6
Sales Revenue
Variable Cost per unit
63.47 S
64.89 S
67.81 S
69.32
7
8
Total Variable Cost
Total Fixed Cost
10 Profit before Depreciation and Tax S 15,01,25,539.43 $ 16,12,52,150.28 S 10,77,70,297.84 S 11,19,05,071.19 S 10,91,33,280.13
63,34,700.00 S 1,01,35,520.00 $ 60,81,312.00 S
Less: Depreciation
36,48,787.20 S
36,48,787.20
11
$ 14,37,90,839.43 $ 15,11,16,630.28 S 10,16,88,985.84 $ 10,82,56,283.99 $ 10,54,84,492.93
$ 3,40,35,291.69 $ 3,57,69,306.39 S 2,40,69,782.95 $ 2,56,24,262.42 S 2,49,68,179.48
S 10,97,55,547.74 S 11,53,47,323.89 S 7,76,19,202.89 S 8,26,32,021.57 S 8,05,16,313.45
60,81,312.00 S
$ 2,82,97,079.25 $ 3,03,42,573.06 S 2,23,34,678.87 $ 2,32,22,750.80 S 2,28,04,848.85
12
Profit before Tax
13
Less: Tax @23.67%
14
Profit after Tax
Add: Depreciation
Less: Working Capital required
63,34,700.00 S 1,01,35,520.00S
36,48,787.20 S
36,48,787.20
15
16
17
18 After Tax Operating Cash Flows S 8,77,93,168.48 S 9,51,40,270.83 S 6,13,65,836.02 S 6,30,58,057.97 $ 6,13,60,251.81
Transcribed Image Text:K L 1 Calculation of Operating Cash Flow Year 1 2 3 4 5 Sales (in units) Sales price per unit 3,18,331 3,41,342 3,68,769 3,76,532 3,83,432 387.00 S 387.00 S $ 18,08,12,008.00 $ 19,38,82,256.00 S 14,27,13,603.00 $ 14,83,88,184.00 S 14,57,17,884.00 66.33 S S 2,02,04,468.57 S 2,21,48,105.72 S 2,44,61,305.16 S 2,60,01,112.81 S 2,61,02,603.87 $ 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00 $ 1,04,82,000.00 S 1,04,82,000.00 568.00 S 568.00 S 387.00 6 Sales Revenue Variable Cost per unit 63.47 S 64.89 S 67.81 S 69.32 7 8 Total Variable Cost Total Fixed Cost 10 Profit before Depreciation and Tax S 15,01,25,539.43 $ 16,12,52,150.28 S 10,77,70,297.84 S 11,19,05,071.19 S 10,91,33,280.13 63,34,700.00 S 1,01,35,520.00 $ 60,81,312.00 S Less: Depreciation 36,48,787.20 S 36,48,787.20 11 $ 14,37,90,839.43 $ 15,11,16,630.28 S 10,16,88,985.84 $ 10,82,56,283.99 $ 10,54,84,492.93 $ 3,40,35,291.69 $ 3,57,69,306.39 S 2,40,69,782.95 $ 2,56,24,262.42 S 2,49,68,179.48 S 10,97,55,547.74 S 11,53,47,323.89 S 7,76,19,202.89 S 8,26,32,021.57 S 8,05,16,313.45 60,81,312.00 S $ 2,82,97,079.25 $ 3,03,42,573.06 S 2,23,34,678.87 $ 2,32,22,750.80 S 2,28,04,848.85 12 Profit before Tax 13 Less: Tax @23.67% 14 Profit after Tax Add: Depreciation Less: Working Capital required 63,34,700.00 S 1,01,35,520.00S 36,48,787.20 S 36,48,787.20 15 16 17 18 After Tax Operating Cash Flows S 8,77,93,168.48 S 9,51,40,270.83 S 6,13,65,836.02 S 6,30,58,057.97 $ 6,13,60,251.81
D
E
G
Depreciation
2 Year
3
4
5
3 Sales
180812008
193882256
142713603
148388184
145717884
4 Variable cost per unit
63.47
64.885381
66.332325
67.81153584
69.32373309
5 Variable cost
20204468.6
22148105.72
24461305.16 26001112.81
26102603.87
6 Fixed cost
10482000
10793315.4
11113876.87
11443959.01
11783844.59
7 Profit before depreciation, interest and taxes
8 Depreciation
9 Interest
150125539
160940834.9
107138421
110943112.2
107831435.5
6334700
10135520
6081312
3648787.2
3648787.2
3261003.41
3261003.413
3261003.413
3261003.413
3261003.413
10 Profit before taxes
140529836
147544311.5
97796105.56
104033321.6
100921644.9
11 Profit after taxes
107266424
112620572.9
74647767.38
79408634.35
77033491.57
12 Add back depreciation
113601124
122756092.9
80729079.38
83057421.55
80682278.77
13 Working capital required
14 Increase in working capital
28297079.3
30342573.06
22334678.87
23222750.8
22804848.85
28297079.3
2045493.812
-8007894.195
888071.9265
-417901.95
15 Free cash flow
85304044.6
120710599.1
88736973.57
82169349.62
81100180.72
Transcribed Image Text:D E G Depreciation 2 Year 3 4 5 3 Sales 180812008 193882256 142713603 148388184 145717884 4 Variable cost per unit 63.47 64.885381 66.332325 67.81153584 69.32373309 5 Variable cost 20204468.6 22148105.72 24461305.16 26001112.81 26102603.87 6 Fixed cost 10482000 10793315.4 11113876.87 11443959.01 11783844.59 7 Profit before depreciation, interest and taxes 8 Depreciation 9 Interest 150125539 160940834.9 107138421 110943112.2 107831435.5 6334700 10135520 6081312 3648787.2 3648787.2 3261003.41 3261003.413 3261003.413 3261003.413 3261003.413 10 Profit before taxes 140529836 147544311.5 97796105.56 104033321.6 100921644.9 11 Profit after taxes 107266424 112620572.9 74647767.38 79408634.35 77033491.57 12 Add back depreciation 113601124 122756092.9 80729079.38 83057421.55 80682278.77 13 Working capital required 14 Increase in working capital 28297079.3 30342573.06 22334678.87 23222750.8 22804848.85 28297079.3 2045493.812 -8007894.195 888071.9265 -417901.95 15 Free cash flow 85304044.6 120710599.1 88736973.57 82169349.62 81100180.72
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ISBN:
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Author:
Leach
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Cengage