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Please match the DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage.
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- List the steps in correct order of DNA mismatch repair in E. coli Group of answer choices Mut H; Mut L; Mut S; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand MutH; MutS; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand MutL; MutH; MutS; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand Mut S; Mut H; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated new DNA strandFor each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics fromcolumn II that correctly describe that process.I(a) Nucleotide excision repair(b) Photoreactivation(c) Base excision repair(d) Recombinational repair(e) SOS-driven error-prone repair(f) Alkyltransferase repair(g) Mismatch repair(h) Double-strand break repairII1. RecA protein participates.2. Damaged nucleotides are removed by nick translation.3. A free radical mechanism is involved.4. The repair enzyme functions only once.5. The key enzyme contains a bound folate cofactor.6. No bases or nucleotides are removed from the DNA.7. Deficiency of this enzyme in humans greatly increases the risk of skincancer.8. This system is chiefly responsible for the mutagenic effect of ultravioletlight.9. This process begins with cleavage of two phosphodiester bonds.10. This process begins up to 1 kbp away from the site to be repaired.11. DNA ligase catalyzes the final reaction.12. This process also occurs in meiotic recombination.13.…Which repair pathway recognizes DNA damage duringtranscription? What happens if the damage is notrepaired?
- Match the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage. Homologous Recombination Mishmatch Repair Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair Non-homologous End Joining Single-strand DNA breaks Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template. This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication. Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others. Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…DNA repair enzymes preferentially repair mis- matched bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand, using the old DNA strand as a template. If mismatches were instead repaired without regard for which strand served as template, would mismatch repair reduce repli- cation errors? Would such a mismatch repair system result in fewer mutations, more mutations, or the same number of mutations as there would have been without any repair at all? Explain your answers.For each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics from column II that correctly describe that process.
- Which of these two changes is more difficult for DNA repair enzymes to fix correctly? Explain why.Which of the following statements regarding Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Base Excision Repair (BER) is true? Only NER involves the action of DNA ligase to seal nicks in the DNA backbone. Both NER and BER involve DNA strand cleavage by an endonuclease. Both NER and BER can be activated by exposure to visible light. Only BER requires DNA polymerase. Both NER and BER involve the creation of an apyrimidinic (AP) site.All of these DNA-repair mechanisms use an undamaged complementary DNA strand as a template for replacing the excised nucleotides EXCEPT for____ base-excision repair. homologous recombination. mismatch repair. nonhomologous end joining. nucleotide-excision repair
- List the steps in the correct order of DNA mismatch repair in E. coli Group of answer choices a. Mut S; Mut H; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated new DNA strand b. Mut H; Mut L; Mut S; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand c. Mut H; Mut S; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand d. Mut L; Mut H; Mut S; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strandWhich of the following types of DNA damage would be hardest to repair using the DNA repair pathways?A. Complete removal of three nucleotides in the middle of one strand.B. A covalent bond between a base on one strand and a base on the complementary strand.C. Incorporation of a sugar other than deoxyribose into one strand.D. Covalent attachment of a short polypeptide to a single base.E. A covalent bond between a base and a deoxyribose on the same strand. Please explain why it's BExplain why base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair—which all require nucleases to excise damaged DNA—require DNA ligase.