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- Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.Which of these are cellular activities that sustain a single-celled organism through its lifetime? Select all that apply. A. Increases in cell size and volumeB. Processes by which individuals produce offspringC. The transmission of DNA to offspringD. Development into a multi-celled adultOne day while walking across campus, you see a female butterfly laying fertilized eggs, as shown in the image below: 1. When the female butterfly’s eggs are fertilized, the fusion (2N) nucleus will divide repeatedly giving rise to cleavage nuclei, which: a. can become trophocytes that migrate into the germarium and connect to the developing embryo by nutritive cords. b. can migrate to the periplasm and become cleavage cells that ultimately give rise to the germ band and the serosa. c. can migrate to the peripheral cytoplasm and become germ cells, which eventually move into the forming gonads and become oogonia or spermatogonia. d. can remain in the yolk and become vitellophages that digest the yolk and make nutrients available to the forming embryo. e. only b and c f. only a and d g. all except a h. all except d 2. In the mature, unfertilized egg of the adult female butterfly: a. bicoid mRNAs will congregate at the end of the…
- a. What are the physical differences and similarities in the reproduction systems of plants and animals? b. What is the difference of morphogenesis in plants and animals?In the experiment of cell fusion, when tumor cells were fused with normal cells, the initially formed tetraploid cells (or subsequently arising sub-tetraploid cells) were discovered to have lost the ability to form tumors. What is the explanation for this observation?Which of the following is not a reason for mitosis? A. Keep cells small B. Replace damaged cells C. Produce new genes and traits D. Growth of organisms
- Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 In the small intestine, stem cells in the cryptsdivide asymmetrically to maintain the population of cellsthat make up the villi; after each division, one daughterremains a stem cell and the other begins to divide rapidlyto produce differentiated progeny.2 Stem cells, being stem cells, are by definition thesame in all tissues.3 Every tissue that can be renewed is renewed froma tissue-specific population of stem cells.4 Disturbance of the balance in the activities ofosteoblasts and osteoclasts in favor of osteoclasts cangive rise to the condition known as osteoporosis, the brit-tle-bone syndrome of the elderly.Which of the following best describes the concept of cell differentiation during the development of a multicellular organism? A. During development, all of the genes in the embryo's cells are expressed at first, but fewer and fewer are expressed as time proceeds. B. During development, different sets of genes are deleted from different cell types so that at the end of development, each cell has only the genes it needs. C. During development, different cells become specialized to have different phenotypes even though they all originated from the same cell. ..Discuss and elaborate thoroughly the statement “oocyte activation involves inactivation” using specific molecularevidence.
- The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. How does the process of mitosis faithfully parcel out exact copies of this heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells?Suppose you are analyzing the DNA from the polar bodies formed during human oogenesis. If the woman who produced the oocyte has a mutation in a known disease gene, would analyzing the polar body DNA allow you to infer whether the mutation is present in the mature oocyte? Explain.Which statement/s can best explain how evolutionary perspective help us understand senescence? (a) Evolutionary theory allows scientists to compare closely related species that differ inhow they invest in reproduction and in body maintenance, to test for effects on the agingprocess. (b) Understanding evolution can generate predictions about how individuals with certain suites of life-history characteristics might fare in the aging process when compared to other individuals without those characteristics. (c) Because aging is a natural process for all species, explaining its evolution through natural selection is insufficient. (d) Evolutionary studies provides insight into the historical development of adaptations, such as the number of offspring an individual has, that may contribute to life-history trade-offs, such as aging. A. Three of the 4 statements are correct. B. (a) and (d) C. (a) only D. (b) and (c)