One day while walking across campus, you see a female butterfly laying fertilized eggs, as shown in the image below: 1. When the female butterfly’s eggs are fertilized, the fusion (2N) nucleus will divide repeatedly giving rise to cleavage nuclei, which: a. can become trophocytes that migrate into the germarium and connect to the developing embryo by nutritive cords. b. can migrate to the periplasm and become cleavage cells that ultimately give rise to the germ band and the serosa. c. can migrate to the peripheral cytoplasm and become germ cells, which eventually move into the forming gonads and become oogonia or spermatogonia. d. can remain in the yolk and become vitellophages that digest the yolk and make nutrients available to the forming embryo. e. only b and c f. only a and d g. all except a h. all except d 2. In the mature, unfertilized egg of the adult female butterfly: a. bicoid mRNAs will congregate at the end of the oocyte nearest the trophocytes and after fertilization will be transcribed into Bicoid protein that will inhibit caudal mRNA, resulting in this region becoming the anterior end of the embryo. b. nanos mRNA will congregate in a crescent above the acentric nucleus and after fertilization activate Ultrabithorax protein, such that this region will become the thorax of the forming insect. c. Dorsal protein will accumulate throughout the egg and after fertilization will enter ventral blastodermal cells and activate the production of Short Gastrulation protein, which will move to the dorsal blastodermal cells, thereby establishing the dorso-ventral axis of development. d. gurken mRNAs are supplied to the oocyte by trophocytes, congregate at the end of the egg opposite the trophocytes, and there inhibit hunchback mRNA resulting in this region becoming the posterior end of the embryo. e. a and c f. b and d g. all of these 3. Which of the following combinations of “maternal gene/zygotic gene/ result” is correct for the embryonic development of the butterfly’s offspring? a. csd/Am-dsx/establishment of left-right axis of development b. bicoid/hunchback/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development. c. hemolin/dorsal / establishment of germ cells that become oogonia and spermatogonia d. nanos/caudal/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development. e. gurken/short gastrulation/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis. f. dorsal/antennapedia/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis. g. All except d h. a, c and f i. b, d and e

One day while walking across campus, you see a female butterfly laying fertilized eggs, as shown in the image below: 1. When the female butterfly’s eggs are fertilized, the fusion (2N) nucleus will divide repeatedly giving rise to cleavage nuclei, which: a. can become trophocytes that migrate into the germarium and connect to the developing embryo by nutritive cords. b. can migrate to the periplasm and become cleavage cells that ultimately give rise to the germ band and the serosa. c. can migrate to the peripheral cytoplasm and become germ cells, which eventually move into the forming gonads and become oogonia or spermatogonia. d. can remain in the yolk and become vitellophages that digest the yolk and make nutrients available to the forming embryo. e. only b and c f. only a and d g. all except a h. all except d 2. In the mature, unfertilized egg of the adult female butterfly: a. bicoid mRNAs will congregate at the end of the oocyte nearest the trophocytes and after fertilization will be transcribed into Bicoid protein that will inhibit caudal mRNA, resulting in this region becoming the anterior end of the embryo. b. nanos mRNA will congregate in a crescent above the acentric nucleus and after fertilization activate Ultrabithorax protein, such that this region will become the thorax of the forming insect. c. Dorsal protein will accumulate throughout the egg and after fertilization will enter ventral blastodermal cells and activate the production of Short Gastrulation protein, which will move to the dorsal blastodermal cells, thereby establishing the dorso-ventral axis of development. d. gurken mRNAs are supplied to the oocyte by trophocytes, congregate at the end of the egg opposite the trophocytes, and there inhibit hunchback mRNA resulting in this region becoming the posterior end of the embryo. e. a and c f. b and d g. all of these 3. Which of the following combinations of “maternal gene/zygotic gene/ result” is correct for the embryonic development of the butterfly’s offspring? a. csd/Am-dsx/establishment of left-right axis of development b. bicoid/hunchback/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development. c. hemolin/dorsal / establishment of germ cells that become oogonia and spermatogonia d. nanos/caudal/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development. e. gurken/short gastrulation/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis. f. dorsal/antennapedia/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis. g. All except d h. a, c and f i. b, d and e

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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One day while walking across campus, you see a female butterfly laying fertilized eggs, as shown in the image below:

1. When the female butterfly’s eggs are fertilized, the fusion (2N) nucleus will divide repeatedly giving rise to cleavage nuclei, which:

a. can become trophocytes that migrate into the germarium and connect to the developing embryo by nutritive cords.

b. can migrate to the periplasm and become cleavage cells that ultimately give rise to the germ band and the serosa.

c. can migrate to the peripheral cytoplasm and become germ cells, which eventually move into the forming gonads and become oogonia or spermatogonia.

d. can remain in the yolk and become vitellophages that digest the yolk and make nutrients available to the forming embryo.

e. only b and c

f. only a and d

g. all except a

h. all except d

2. In the mature, unfertilized egg of the adult female butterfly:

a. bicoid mRNAs will congregate at the end of the oocyte nearest the trophocytes and after fertilization will be transcribed into Bicoid protein that will inhibit caudal mRNA, resulting in this region becoming the anterior end of the embryo.

b. nanos mRNA will congregate in a crescent above the acentric nucleus and after fertilization activate Ultrabithorax protein, such that this region will become the thorax of the forming insect.

c. Dorsal protein will accumulate throughout the egg and after fertilization will enter ventral blastodermal cells and activate the production of Short Gastrulation protein, which will move to the dorsal blastodermal cells, thereby establishing the dorso-ventral axis of development.

d. gurken mRNAs are supplied to the oocyte by trophocytes, congregate at the end of the egg opposite the trophocytes, and there inhibit hunchback mRNA resulting in this region becoming the posterior end of the embryo.

e. a and c

f. b and d

g. all of these

3. Which of the following combinations of “maternal gene/zygotic gene/ result” is correct for the embryonic development of the butterfly’s offspring?

a. csd/Am-dsx/establishment of left-right axis of development

b. bicoid/hunchback/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development.

c. hemolin/dorsal / establishment of germ cells that become oogonia and spermatogonia

d. nanos/caudal/ establishment of anterior-posterior axis of development.

e. gurken/short gastrulation/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis.

f. dorsal/antennapedia/ establishment of dorso-ventral axis.

g. All except d

h. a, c and f

i. b, d and e

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