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- Describe the physical origins of linewidths in the absorption and emission spectra of gases. liqu ids. and solids. How may they be reduced?One of the chemical controversies of the nineteenth century concerned the element beryllium (Be). Berzelius originally claimed that beryllium was a trivalent element (forming Be3+ ions) and that it gave an oxide with the formula Be2O3. This resulted in a calculated atomic mass of 13.5 for beryllium. In formulating his periodic table, Mendeleev proposed that beryllium was divalent (forming Be2+ ions) and that it gave an oxide with the formula Be2O3. This assumption gives an atomic mass of 9.0. In 1894, A. Combes (Comptes Rendus 1894, p. 1221) reacted beryllium with the anion C5H7O2and measured the density of the gaseous product. Combess data for two different experiments are as follows: I II Mass 0.2022 g 0.2224 g Volume 22.6 cm3 26.0 cm3 Temperature 13C 17C Pressure 765.2 mm Hg 764.6 mm If beryllium is a divalent metal, the molecular formula of the product will be Be(C5H7O2)2; if it is trivalent, the formula will be Be(C5H7O2)3. Show how Combess data help to confirm that beryllium is a divalent metal.Provide a particle level explanation for the following: when the temperature of a sealed, rigid (non-flexible) container is decreased, pressure also decreases.
- 21.2b The best laboratory vacuum pump can generate a vacuum of about 1 nTorr. At 25°C and assuming that air consists of N2 molecules with a collision diameter of 395 pm, calculate (a) the mean speed of the molecules, (b) the mean free path, (c) the collision frequency in the gas.An empty oven with a volume of 0.150 m3and a temperature of 296 K is turned on. The oven is ventedso that the air pressure inside it is always the same as the air pressure of the environment. Initially, the airpressure is 1.00 × 105 Pa, but after the oven has warmed up to a final temperature of 453 K, theatmospheric air pressure has decreased to 9.50 × 104 Pa due to a change in weather conditions. Determinehow many moles of air leave the oven while it is heating up.The total pressure in a pressure cooker filled with waterincreases to 4.0 atm when it is heated, and this pressure ismaintained by the periodic operation of a relief valve. UseFigure 10.24c to estimate the temperature of the water inthe pressure cooker
- 23.1 mL Ne (g) is effected from a small hole to the vacuum in 5.45 seconds. In how many seconds does 24.1 mL of C₂H₆ (g) effuse under the same conditions?Suppose, at room temperature, Hg(l) has a density of 13.595 g/cm3, and a liquid metal alloy of Ga, In and Sn has a density of 6.433 g/cm3, What is the height of a column of the liquid metal alloy that is supported by a pressure difference of 0.560 atm?A container of internal volume 22.0 m3 was punctured, and a hole of radius 0.050 mm was formed. If the nitrogen pressure within the container is initially 122 kPa and its temperature 293 K, how long will the pressure take to fall to 105 kPa assuming that the temperature is held constant?
- A sample of vapor weighing 0. 200 g occupies a volume of 55 cc at 270C and 760 mmHg pressure. The critical pressure of the vapour is 47.7 atm, while the critical temperature is 288.50C. by use of the Berthelot equation, calculate the molecular weight of the vapour, and compare the result with that calculated by the ideal gas law.At sea level the composition of the atmosphere is approximately 80 per cent nitrogen and 20 per cent oxygen by mass. At what height above the surface of the Earth would the atmosphere become 90 per cent nitrogen and 10 per cent oxygen by mass? Assume that the temperature of the atmosphere is constant at 25 °C. What is the pressure of the atmosphere at that height?17.6 cm3 of a pure vapour, at 1.153 atm, and 98.5 °C has a mass of 0.0520 g.Calculate the molar mass of the substance.