Problem 1: Draw the mechanism for the nitration of methyl benzoate as shown in the figure. Indicate all the possible resonance structures for the obtained cation intermediate that is formed after the ring attacks the nitronium electrophile. Label (use a number below it) the resonance structures of the cation intermediate. OCH3 + HONO, H,SO, OCH3 + H20 NO2 Methyl benzoate Methyl m-nitrobenzoate • Draw the mechanism for the ortho-nitration of methyl benzoate which rarely happens. Indicate all the possible resonance structures for the obtained cation intermediate that is formed after the ring attacks the nitronium electrophile. Label (use a letter below it) the resonance structures of the cation intermediate. • Why is the meta product favored? Explain by using the labeled intermediates for reasoning.
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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