Procaine (its hydrochloride is marketed as Novocain) was one of the first local anesthet- ics for infiltration and regional anesthesia. See "Chemical Connections: From Cocaine to Procaine and Beyond."According to the following retrosynthetic scheme, procaine can be synthesized from 4-aminobenzoic acid, ethylene oxide, and diethylamine as sources of carbon atoms. HO. + HO NEt, H,N H,N' Procaine 4-Aminobenzoic acid Et,NH Ethylene oxide Diethylamine Provide reagents and experimental conditions to carry out the synthesis of procaine from these three compounds.
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- Heating toluene in the presence of KMnO4 followed by acification with HCl, converts toluene into benzoic acid. Using this information and any other reactions discussed in this course, show a sequence of reactions showing howing toluene can be converted to p-aminobenzoic acid.During your first day on the job as a research assistant, you are preparing 50 mL of hybridization solution with the following components and working concentrations: 50% formamide 5X sodium salt citrate 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate You start from the following concentrated stock solutions: 100% formamide 20X sodium salt citrate 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate How much of each concentrated stock solution and water will you add?Systematically outline a protocol you will follow to process adulterated palm oil to gain qualitative and quantitative information spectroscopically about any added toxic dye. Explain also the basis for your protocol of choice.
- In preparation of p-Nitroaniline, Starting material is 50g of p-nitroacetanilide, 22ml of HCI, 20g of p-nitroaniline. Give % yield of nitro acetanilide.Give an example of an antimicrobial pro-drug that was developed so it doesn’t absorb in the gastrointestinal tract. Explain the pro-drug mechanism with reference to structures. this is a question on medicinal chemistry so please make it as concise as possible. I want clear handwritten solution only....i will up voteDuring an acid base extraction of an organic compound dissolved in dichloromethane with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), you do not recover any of the desired extracted product after completing all the remaining steps. What could the most probable reason(s) be for the observed outcome? -The organic compound you want to extract is also a base; an acid is needed -You did not degassed/vent the separatory funnel -You did not shake the separatory funnel enough to react the base with the organic compound -You did not heat the mixture before the extraction -The organic compound evaporate from separatory funnel during the extraction
- Given the chemical equation in the synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and potassium permanganate: C7H8(I) + 2KMnO4(aq) → KC7H5O2 + 2MnO2 (s) + KOH (aq) + H2O (I) KC2H5O2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → C7H8O2 (s) + KCl (aq) MW: C7H8 = 92.14 KMnO4 = 158.03 MnO2 = 86.94 KC7H5O2 = 160.21 C7H8O2 = 122 Density: C7H8 = 0.87 g/mL KMnO4 = 2.7 g/mL KC7H5O2 = 1.5 g/mL C7H8O2 = 1.27 g/mL If 1 mL of toluene and 4 mL of 50% w/v potassium permanganate solution are used to synthesize the benzoic acid in a reflux set-up, calculate the theoretical yield of benzoic acid. Show your complete solution and underline your final answer.you plan to carry out the syn- thesis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, using 85% phosphoric acid as a catalyst. In addition to aspirin, acetic acid will be a side product. Using one of the suggested online sources (such as the Sigma-Aldrich or Acros Organics websites), look up the molar masses for all of the reagents and products in this reaction. Also look up the melting points of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid and the boiling points and densities of acetic anhydride and acetic acid. Your answers should include both the molar masses and the physical properties for all four reagents and products.1. The conversion of the concentrations into the required expression is as follows: Concentration given Expression required 0.5% NaCl molarity 1 mM of KBr mg/ml 5 mg/100 ml paracetamol Molarity 0.15 N H2SO4 g/litre 0.5% ethanol/water (w/v) ppm 2. 0.641 g of a semi-synthetic alkaloid was dissolved in 25 ml of 1% w/v acetic acid and was analysed directly by HPLC. The solution was found to contain 1.42 mg/100 ml of an impurity. What is the level of impurity in % w/w and ppm? 3. Calculate the pH of a buffer system made by dissolving 1.2 g of acetic acid and 0.82 g of sodium acetate in 500 ml of distilled water (pKa of acetic acid = 4.7) 0.641 g of a semi-synthetic alkaloid was dissolved in 25 ml of 1% w/v acetic acid and was analysed directly by HPLC. The solution was found to contain 1.42 mg/100 ml of an impurity. What is the level of impurity in % w/w and ppm?
- You have learned that ester may be hydrolyzed in aqueous base. Why does a workup using 50ml of 10% NaOH and 50g of ice not hydrolyze a nitro benzocaine derivative?Carboxylic acids, including fatty acids and benzoic acids, are often present inboth municipal and industrial effluents. Describe a sample preparationcombined with GC method for identification and determination of carboxylicacids in raw wastewater at ppb (µg L-1) level. Point out a suitable samplepreparation technique and GC conditions in details and give justifications foryour choiceDuring an assay of paracetamol by UV an analyst prepares a series of calibration solutions containing approximately 3-15 mcg/mL paracetamol as follows: 140.1 mg of pure paracetamol was added to a 200 mL volumetric flask. 0.1 M NaOH (50 mL) was added, the mixture well shaken and made up to volume with deionized water 10 mL of the above solution was diluted to 100 mL 1)What is the concentration of the final diluted solution in mcg/mL?(1 decimal) 2) What volume of the diluted solution is required to prepare 100 mL of a 8 mcg/mL standard solution? (1 decimal)