Provide a simplified schematic presentation (metabolic map) of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Include activation, mitochondrial transportation, important coenzymes and enzyme names. (Note that you can simply provide intermediate names here and not structures).
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- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationProvide a simplified schematic presentation of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Include activation, mitochondrial transportation, important coenzymes and enzyme names. (Note that you can simply provide intermediate names or abbreviations here and not structures).Indicate whether each of the following aspects of the carnitine shuttle system associated with the process of B oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix or in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. a. Acyl CoA is reactant b. Carnitine enters the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Carnitine is covered to acyl carnitine. d. Free CoA is reactant
- What Is the P/O Ratio for Mitochondrial OxidativePhosphorylation?What is the citric acid cycle? Provide a schematic diagram of the citric acid cycle with chemical structures of each compound in the cycle. Indicate the cofactors and products at each step as well as the name of each of the enzymes involved.Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+
- Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?Which of the following dehydrogenases delivers electrons to directly to UQ in the electron transport pathway from the intermembrane space side of the inner mitochondrial membrane? a. succinate dehydrogenase b. acyl CoA dehydrogenase c. creatine kinase dehydrogenase d. glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseBriefly describe the fate of pyruvate in metabolism under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions.