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- In the Grossman model of health production, people maximize lifetime utility overconsumption of health (H) and a composite of all other goods (X). In the model, health is a stockthat evolves over time and depends upon health in the previous period (Ht-1), investments inhealth during the previous period (It-1), and a depreciation rate (γ). The level of health in period tis Ht=(1- γ)Ht-1+It-1.a. Consider two individuals with H=50 in the current period. The two individuals areidentical except that individual A is 20 years old and has a γ of 0.1, while individual B is30 years old and has a γ of 0.2. Explain why it is more difficult for individual B tomaintain the same level of health as individual A.b. Give 2 real-world examples of how an increase in education would improve a person’sproductivity of health investment (I).Use a two-state model with clearly marked labels to show the following statements: a) People with different risk profiles (ie., risk-secking vs. risk-neutral vs. risk-averse) have different expected utility curves. b) A risk-neutral person can be indifferent to a full insurance (compared to no insurance). c) A risk-seeking person does not like the idea of diversification d) For-sure outcomes with higher payoffs are preferred to for-sure outcomes with lower payoffs.Describe how employers “choose” the optimal length of a strike in a model where there is asymmetric information.
- One curious finding from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment was that the rate of treated bone fractures per capita was higher in the group of families that had been assigned to the free insurance plan, compared with those in the high copayment plans. Concisely describe how the Grossman model might explain the fact that people facing higher prices for health care would break bones less often. Be sure to discuss the concept of marginal efficiency of health investment.Explain the Mundell fleming model with assumptions also what are the imlication of this modelMultiple Choice Adverse selection describes a situation where an individual's demand for insurance is positively correlated with the individual's risk of loss. Adverse selection occurs when someone increases their exposure to risk when insured. This can happen, for example, when a person takes more risks because someone else bears the cost of those risks. The relationship between smoking status and mortality provides a good illustration for adverse selection, especially in the case in which a life insurance company did not vary its premiums according to smoking status of its customers. To counter the effects of adverse selection, insurers may offer premiums that are proportional to a customer's risk.
- The application which provides a way of revising conditional probabilities by using available information and provisions for revising conditional probabilities with other information that is useful for management decision making is called? Select one: a. Bayes’ theorem. b. overinvolvement ratios. c. probability rules. d. empirical formula.Present the classical model of choice under uncertainty. What are the five assump- tions which characterize the Von-Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility repre- sentation?Health insurance is normally seen as a good that is most valuable to sick people, since health expenditures are highest for the sick. Yet, in the basic insurance model discussed in this chapter, actuarially-fair health insurance is worth nothing to people who are certain to become sick (p = 1). Why does the standard model produce this result? How is this different from the way real-world insurance markets work?
- Consider the following TSLS model, where Ability is an endogenous independent variable, while Educand Age are exogenous.Stage 1 : Ability = 0 + 1 Educ + 2 Age + 3 Expr + 4 ParEduc + 5 KWW + VStage 2 : log(Wage) = 0 + 1 Educ + 2 Age + 2 Ability + UIf we use the Sargan test, the rst-stage F test and the Hausman test together to decide whether aTSLS or an OLS would be more appropriate, ll in the following blanks: at the 5% signicance level, the critical value for the Sargan test is blank, and the critical value forthe Hausman test is blank; if we blank (reject or fail to reject) the Sargan test, blank (reject or fail to reject) the rst-stageF test, and blank (reject or fail to reject) the Hausman test, then it is implied that we shall use theTSLS instead of the OLS estimation.Suppose an individual faces uncertainty over the following set of monetary outcomes A = {-10, 4, 8, 13, 22} Suppose the individual abides to the vNM axioms. a) How can you represent her preference relation over gambles over A? b) Is this representation unique? c) Is it the only one satisfying the expected utiltiyproperty? d) Suppose u(-10) = 0, u(22) = 1. Also assume that u(4) = 0.5, u(8) = 0.55 and u(13) =0.65. Can you build a gamble that is indifferent to the degenerate gamble that gives 4 with certainty? What is the utility of the following gambles p = (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.2, 0), q = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2), r =(0.3, 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0.4). How does the individualrank these three gambles?2. “A risk-averse individual will always full insure, meaning that uncertainty is irrelevant.” Discuss this comment using relevant model(s) studied in the unit.