Q6) Ionizing radiation can be used on meat products to reduce the levels of microbial pathogens. Assume that for refrigerated meat the upper allowed limit is 3.8 kGy. If a beam pf electrons, each of energy 1.6 MeV irradiates 3.0 kg of beef, how many electrons should the mass of beef absorb to reach the upper allowed limit? A) 4.5 x 1016 B) 4.5 x 1010 C) 3.8 x 1016 D) 3.8 x 1010 E) 1.6 x 1010 folou neutrons can

Q6) Ionizing radiation can be used on meat products to reduce the levels of microbial pathogens. Assume that for refrigerated meat the upper allowed limit is 3.8 kGy. If a beam pf electrons, each of energy 1.6 MeV irradiates 3.0 kg of beef, how many electrons should the mass of beef absorb to reach the upper allowed limit? A) 4.5 x 1016 B) 4.5 x 1010 C) 3.8 x 1016 D) 3.8 x 1010 E) 1.6 x 1010 folou neutrons can

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter31: Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3CQ: Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance....

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Similar questions

A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes through. What minimum energy was deposited, If 30.0 eV is required to create each ion pair?
Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed in the decay of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino (as in (+ decay of a nucleus) and sends a paper to a journal to announce the reaction as a possible end of the universe due to the spontaneous decay of protons. (a) What energy is released in this decay? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?
Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance. Based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, explain why electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei in these interactions.
Integrated Concepts The laser system tested for inertial con?nement can produce a 100kJ pulse only 1.000 ns in duration. (a) What is the power output of the laser system during the brief pulse? (b) How many photons are in the pulse, given their wavelength is 1.06 (m? (c) What is the total momentum of all these photons? (d) How does the total photon momentum compare with that of a single 1.00 MeV deuterium nucleus?
Construct Your Own Problem Consider a detector needed to observe the proposed, but extremely rare, decay of an electron. Construct a problem in which you calculate the amount of matter needed in the detector to be able to observe the decay, assuming that it has a signature that is clearly identi?able. Among the things to consider are the estimated half life (long for rare events), and the number of decays per unit time that you wish to observe, as well as the number of electrons in the detector substance.
When a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move continuously from inside the nucleus to outside? That is, does it travel each point along an imaginary line from inside to out? Explain.
Integrated Concepts: (a) What temperature gas would have atoms moving fast enough to bring two 3He nuclei into contact? Note that, because both are moving, the average kinetic energy only needs to be half the electric potential energy of these doubly charged nuclei when just in contact with one another. (b) Does this high temperature imply practical difficulties for doing this in controlled fusion?
The purpose of this problem is to show in three ways that the binding energy at the election in a hydrogen atom is negligible compared with the masses of the proton and electron. (a) Calculate the mass equivalent in u of the 13.6eV binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom, and compete this with the mass of the hydrogen atom obtained from Appendix A. (b) Subtract the mass at the proton given in Table 31.2 from the mass at the hydrogen atom given in Appendix A. You will find the difference is equal to the electron’s mass to three digits, implying the binding energy is small in comparison. (c) Take the ratio of the binding energy at the electron (13.6 eV) to the energy equivalent of the electron's mass (0.511 MeV). (d) Discuss how your answers confirm the stated purpose of this problem.
The 3.20-km-lfmg SLAC produces a beam of 50.0-GcV electrons. If there are 15,000 accelerating tubes, what average voltage must be across the gaps between them to achieve this energy?
The RBE for lowenergy s is 1.7, whereas that for higher-energy s is only 1. Explain why, considering how the range of radiation depends on its energy.
Integrated Concepts A 1.00-fm photon has a wavelength short enough to detect some information about nuclei. (a) What is the photon momentum? (b) What is its energy in joules and MeV? (c) What is the (relativistic) velocity of an electron with the same momentum? (d) Calculate the electron's kinetic energy.
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