QUESTION 20 why is there NO persistent unemployment in the clasucal model O The rate of econeme rowth in always high enough to alow those who want t work at rent wags to find jos O Unionation creates job serurity for workers. O The wage level adjusts to eliminate unemployment O The interest rate adusts to eliminate unemployment
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- Would you expect to see long-run data trace out a stable downward-sloping Phillips curve?There is an on‐going debate on how unemployment benefits affect the unemployment rate. In the context of the Mortensen‐Pissarides model, unemployment benefits are represented by the variable b. Explain carefully how an increase in b affects each equilibrium condition (Beveridge curve, vacancy supply condition, and wage setting curve.) How is the steady‐state unemployment rate impacted by an increase in b? Use the simulation tool here, https://www.briancjenkins.com/dmp‐model/simulation‐tool.html, to check your answer.According to the Keynesian and New Keynesian theories; a. Show and explain the existence of involuntary unemployment in the labor market by using the Efficiency Wage Theory. b. Is the employment level that you found same with the full employment level indicated by the classical labor market theory? Why? Why not? c. According to the Keynesian theory, what would be the effect of the “A wave of investor and consumer pessimism about the future profitability of capital investments and lower future income” on output (Y), the real interest rate (r), employment (L) and the price level (P)? Distinguish between the short run and the long run effects by using the IS-LM-FE and AD-AS models and the effective labor demand theory.
- 1.Select one fro the given options a.The sticky wage model of AS: I. explains the vertical AS in the short run. ii. assumes flexible prices and nominal wages. iii. assumes flexible prices and sticky real wages. iv. explains the short-run deviations of the actual output from the potential one b. Choose the correct statement: i. According to the Life-cycle hypothesis the consumption changes only with unexpected changes in income. ii. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that life expectancy is 40 years iii. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that a half of one's life expectancy is spent in retirement iv. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that consumption will increase by CZK 25, when wealth will increase by CZK 1,00Consider a one-period model like the one considered in class. There are three states. At the beginning, everyone is unemployed. In the second stage, individuals search for a job. Suppose that the probability of finding a job is 0.5. in the third stage, individuals who found a job will work, while those who did not find a job remain unemployed. Each job pays wage w=10. If a person does not find a job he/she will collect unemployment benefits b=4. a)What is the expected income at the beginning of the economy (i.e. before the job search)?FILL IN THE BLANKS Unemployment occurs when a worker who is not currently employed is unable to find suitable paid employment. In every economy, however, there will always be people moving between jobs. This group is known as the unemployed. But, if finding another job takes so long so that the individual stops looking, then he/she is classified as a worker and is no longer counted in the unemployment statistics. An economy’s natural rate of unemployment is the sum of its frictional and employment. If the labor market become more efficient so that people looking for work find matching jobs quicker, then the natural rate of unemployment will . The increase in unemployment that occurs during recessions (or downturns) in the economy is known as the type of unemployment.
- Two main macroeconomic concerns are the problems of inflation andunemployment.a. What are the social costs of inflation? Explain TWO of them? b. What is natural rate of unemployment? Explain the TWO main causesof natural rate of unemployment. With reference specifically to ONEof these causes, suggest ONE practical government policy that reducesthe natural rate of unemployment.Julia is a macroeconomist who works as a policy maker for a European government. She believes that policy makers can choose from a menu of inflation and unemployment combinations and that the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) does not exist. What school of thought best matches Julia's viewpoint? 1)Hysteresis Keynesian 2)Earlier monetarist 3)Persistence Keynesian 4)Old Keynesian 5)New classical and OECD economistThe CPI tracks the average change in prices of a basket of goods and services overtime, whereas the UNRATE is the percentage of the labour force that is unemployed.By examining the cointegration between these two variables, you can gain insightsinto the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the US economy. Thequarterly series is complete and seasonally adjusted. a) From a theoretical perspective, are these two series expected to becointegrated? Justify your answer. b)How do expectations about future economic conditions influence the speed ofadjustment? Are there any other factors that might affect the speed of adjustment?
- Consider an economy that experiences an outflow of working age people and a decline in aggregatelabour supply as a result. Suppose the aggregate labour demand curve is not affected by this change.(a) Explain, with the aid of the labour-market-equilibrium diagram, how this will affect the equilibriumreal wage and the full-employment level of employment. (b) Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how this will affect real output, realinterest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain theintuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.a) If a country's natural unemployment rate is 5.5 percent and its actual unemployment rate is 3.5 percent, what is its cyclical unemployment rate? ___________percent Instructions: Enter the value for the output gap as an absolute number. b) According to Okun's law, this country would have (Click to select) a recessionary an expansionary output gap of _________percent.Consider the expectations augmented Phillips curve model. Suppose that we are starting from long - runequilibrium with a central bank which cares a lot about unemployment and relatively little about inflation.a) Draw and carefully label the graph of this situation. b) Explain where the Phillips curve comes from inthis model. c) Explain why the equilibrium you specify is the only Nash equilibrium. d) Now suppose that anew central bank governor is appointed who cares a lot about inflation and relatively little aboutunemployment. Redraw your graph twice, once showing what happens if private agents know the newgovernor's preferences and again showing what happens if private agents mistakenly believe that thenew governor has the same preferences as the old governor. Explain clearly why the outcome is differentin the two cases.