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- Q1. Assume the Pakistan’s economy is in recession: Pakistan implements a combination of expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. In the absence of complete crowding out what will be the effect of these policies on each of the following: i. Aggregate demand in Pakistanii. The price level in Pakistaniii. Interest rates in Pakistan28)By using aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves, show and explain the effects of an anticipated increase in money supply on macroeconomic equilibrium according to Rational Expectations HypothesisSuppose the current administration decides to increase government expenditures as a means of fighting the COVID-19 crisis. a) Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, show the effects of such a decision on the economy in the short run. Describe the effects on inflation and output
- PQ 16 According to the New Classical economists, with rational expectations, aan increase in the money supply will a. lead only to an increase in prices in both the short run and the long run b. lea to an increase in the equilibrium level of income in the short run but to no change in the equilibrium level of income in the long run. c. lead to a fall in prices but no change in money wages d. lead to a rightward shift in the long run aggregate supply curve.The economy begins in long-run equilibrium. Then one day, the president appoints a new Fed chair. This new chair is well known for her view that inflation is not a major problem for an economy. a. How would this news affect the price level that people expect to prevail? b. How would this change in the expected price level affect the nominal wage that workers and firms agree to in their new labor contracts? c. How would this change in the nominal wage affect the profitability of producing goods and services at any given price level?Using the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, explain and demonstrate graphically the short-run and long-run effects of an increase in the money supply. (Hint: Draw the figure and show shifts… explain what happens to output and inflation.)
- 39 Which of the following will cause a shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve? a.An increase in government spending b.A change in expected inflation c.Unanticipated inflation d.A change in investment e.A decrease in government spendingGhana’s economy is operating at long-run equilibrium. Analyse the short-run impactof an adverse (negative) aggregate demand shock on real GDP, unemployment rate,inflation rate, and interest rate. Illustrate your answer with the AS-AD diagram.With the onset of COVID-19, the Fed, led by Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, lowered its target interest rate (the federal funds rate) by 1.5 percentage points, to a range of 0.00-0.25 percent. This was done with 2 rate cuts during March 2020. Consider the aggregate demand-aggregate supply diagram below, which represents the macroeconomy. Suppose the market is initially (with the onset of COVID) at an equilibrium at point A. What effect will the Fed's actions have on this economy?
- How do new Keynesian ideas about price setting and inflation expectations affect the short-run aggregate supply curve? Explain.Use the dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply model to illustrate and explain the monetary policy that the Reserve Bank of Australia implemented when Australia’s inflation rate increased from 6.1% in June 2022 to 7.4% in January 2023. [Hint: Make sure you discuss how the RBA uses cash rate target and open market operations in monetary policy. Include an economic diagram to demonstrate your answers.]Question 1 (a) Consider an AD-AS model with Static Expectations. Show how changes in monetary policy generate short-run movements in output. (b) Consider an AD-AS model with Rational Expectations. Show how changes in the unanticipated component of monetary policy generate short-run movements in output. (c) Explain how overlapping wage contracts generate persistence in output when there are monetary policy shocks.