Question 3 Watson is a sole trader. He provides the following financial information in respect of his business. Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2012 $000 Sales 3380 Cost of sales Expenses Profit for the year (2000) (1200) 180 Statements of financial position at: 31 December 31 December 2011 2012 $00 $000 $00 $000 Non-current assets Freehold land Plant and machinery at cost Less: depreciation 2000 3500 900 1020 (500) (470) Net book value 400 2400 550 4050 Current assets Inventory Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents 310 320 240 210 10 560 530 Current liabilities Trade payables 200 160 Bank overdraft 530 200 690 Non-current liability – loan 500 350 Net assets 2260 3540 Additional information 4. Drawing is $400 5. During the year Winston purchased new plant at a cost of $200 000. He also sold some plant that had a net book value of $20 000 and had been depreciated by $60 000. This resulted in a loss on disposal of $2000. REQUIRED (a) Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended 3 er 20
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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