RADIATION DOSES non-SI units (relationship between units) Dose Formula SI units Absorbed Dose, ΔΕ J/kg = Gray (Gy) rad 1 Gy = 100 rad Δm AE is the energy lost from the radiation beam, and Am is the mass of the material into which the energy is absorbed. AQ Am where AQ is the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass Am of that air. Relationship between absorbed dose and Roentgen (R) 1R = 2,58 10 C/kg Exposure dose, C/kg х exposure dose D = f:X D is adsorbed dose , f is a coefficient depending on the kind of tissue being irradiated. H = Q .D where H is dose equivalent, Q is relative biological effectiveness of a particular kind of radiation, D is adsorbed dose. Sievert Equivalent Dose, Н rem (Sv) 1 Sy =100 rem HẸ = E H, Effective Sievert (Sv) rem Equivalent Dose , Hef 1 Sv =100 rem where H, = Wr H, is the tissue-weighted dose equivalent to an organ or tissue, H, is the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the WT applicable to that organ or tissue. Table 1- Quality factors for different kinds of radiation Table 2 - Dimensionless weighting factors (WT) Tissue W, Type of Racaton Gonads 0.25 0.15 Breast X-rgs Red bone marrow Lungs Thyroid 0.12 0.12 0.03 20 Bone surfaces 0.03 Neutrons (fast) 10 Remainder 0.30 Protons 10 Total body 100 DOSE RATES 1. Adsorbed dose rate: Np = Table 3 - Exposure constants Radionuclides k, (uGy-m/GBq-h at I m 2. Dose equivalent rate: NH = 88.11 15.95 3. Exposure rate: Ny = Exposure rate at a distance r from the source of "Mo radiation can be found as ky'A Nx = where is ky is exposure constant for a given radioisotope, A is activity of the radioactive source, r is distance from the source of the radiation. 2"TI 12.16 39.46 "Ga 20.54 121 41.89 55.41 121 37.03 15.16 58.65 154.05

Modern Physics

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781111794378

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer

Chapter14: Nuclear Physics Applications

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 48P

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(a) A 10 g tumour is irradiated with high energy gamma-rays and absorbs a total of 0.5 J of energy. What is the absorbed dose in gray and rad, and the dose equivalent in sievert and rem? (b) An alternate treatment for the same tumour is to administer a chemical solution containing a radioactive isotope which is preferentially absorbed by the tumour. If the isotope involved is an alpha emitter with an RBE of 20 and the tumour absorbs 0.10 J of energy, what is the absorbed dose in gray and rad, and the dose equivalent in sievert and rem?

RADIATION DOSES
non-SI units
(relationship
between units)
Dose
Formula
SI
units
Absorbed Dose,
ΔΕ
J/kg =
Gray (Gy)
rad
1 Gy = 100 rad
Δm
AE is the energy lost from the radiation
beam, and Am is the mass of the material
into which the energy is absorbed.
AQ
Am
where AQ is the electric charge freed by
such radiation in a specified volume of air
divided by the mass Am of that air.
Relationship between absorbed dose and
Roentgen (R)
1R = 2,58 10
C/kg
Exposure dose,
C/kg
х
exposure dose
D = f:X
D is adsorbed dose , f is a coefficient
depending on the kind of tissue being
irradiated.
H = Q .D
where H is dose equivalent, Q is relative
biological effectiveness of a particular kind
of radiation, D is adsorbed dose.
Sievert
Equivalent Dose,
Н
rem
(Sv)
1 Sy =100 rem
HẸ = E H,
Effective
Sievert
(Sv)
rem
Equivalent Dose
, Hef
1 Sv =100 rem
where H, = Wr H, is the tissue-weighted
dose equivalent to an organ or tissue, H, is
the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue
and the WT applicable to that organ or
tissue.
Table 1- Quality factors for different kinds
of radiation
Table 2 - Dimensionless weighting factors
(WT)
Tissue
W,
Type of Racaton
Gonads
0.25
0.15
Breast
X-rgs
Red bone marrow
Lungs
Thyroid
0.12
0.12
0.03
20
Bone surfaces
0.03
Neutrons (fast)
10
Remainder
0.30
Protons
10
Total body
100

DOSE RATES
1. Adsorbed dose rate: Np =
Table 3 - Exposure constants
Radionuclides k, (uGy-m/GBq-h at I m
2. Dose equivalent rate: NH =
88.11
15.95
3. Exposure rate: Ny =
Exposure rate at a distance r from the source of "Mo
radiation can be found as
ky'A
Nx = where is ky is exposure constant for a
given radioisotope, A is activity of the radioactive
source, r is distance from the source of the radiation.
2"TI
12.16
39.46
"Ga
20.54
121
41.89
55.41
121
37.03
15.16
58.65
154.05

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