Refer to Figure 12-6. Suppose this firm is being regulated using a policy of marginal- cost pricing. In this case, the result is allocatively inefficient because the firm is earning profits. © allocative efficiency is achieved because price equals marginal cost. allocative efficiency is achieved because profits are maximized. the result is allocatively inefficient because the marginal cost curve lies below the ATC curve. the result is allocatively inefficient because the firm is suffering losses.
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- Based on United States Census Bureau data for 2017, for the utilities (electricity & gas) industry the four firm concentration ratio (C4) is 16.2 percent and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index is 161.4. Why might the actual concentration, and therefore market power enjoyed by a specific utility company in a state, be greater than what is indicated by these numbers? These ratios are calculated for the entire country, and not for a specific city or state. Explain & show work.Consider a remote town in which two restaurants, All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner, operate in a duopoly. Both restaurants disregard health and safety regulations, but they continue to have customers because they are the only restaurants within 80 miles of town. Both restaurants know that if they clean up, they will attract more customers, but this also means that they will have to pay workers to do the cleaning. If neither restaurant cleans, each will earn $11,000; alternatively, if they both hire workers to clean, each will earn only $8,000. However, if one cleans and the other doesn't, more customers will choose the cleaner restaurant; the cleaner restaurant will make $16,000, and the other restaurant will make only $4,000. Complete the following payoff matrix using the previous information. (Note: All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner are both profit-maximizing firms.) If All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner decide to collude, the outcome of this game…Suppose a discriminating monopolist is selling a product in four separate markets in which demand functions are: Q1 = 300 – P1; Q2 = 200 – 0.5 P2; Q3 = 150 – 0.4P3 and Q4 = 75 – 0.25P4. Assume further that the total cost of the firm is given as TC = 61,000 – 100Q. As an economic adviser you are required to determine: The prices to be charged in the fourmarkets and the amount of output to be sold in each market so that total profits can be maximized. Calculate the total profit to be made from the strategy of price discrimination. Explain what would have happened if this monopolist did not implement this strategy of price discrimination. Elasticities in each market and comment.
- Consider a remote town in which two restaurants, All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner, operate in a duopoly. Both restaurants disregard health and safety regulations, but they continue to have customers because they are the only restaurants within 80 miles of town. Both restaurants know that if they clean up, they will attract more customers, but this also means that they will have to pay workers to do the cleaning. If neither restaurant cleans, each will earn $13,000; alternatively, if they both hire workers to clean, each will earn only $10,000. However, if one cleans and the other doesn't, more customers will choose the cleaner restaurant; the cleaner restaurant will make $18,000, and the other restaurant will make only $6,000. Complete the following payoff matrix using the information just given. (Note: All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner are both profit-maximizing firms.) GoodGrub Diner Cleans Up Doesn't Clean Up All-You-Can-Eat Café Cleans Up , ,…Suppose ABC is still a monopolist selling to the two retailers but it now discovers that if retailers supply customer services, demand shifts to P = 90 – Q. Each retailer can provide the required services at a total cost of $400. c. ABC decides to implement an RPM agreement with retailers. Under this agreement, what retail price should ABC specify? How many units will retailers sell at this price? d. Under this RPM agreement, what is the maximum wholesale price that ABC can set? In answering this question, assume that at the RPM price competitive pressure forces each retailer to offer the required services (i.e., any retailer offering a lower service level loses all its customers). e. What is the consumer surplus and profits at this wholesale price? Has the RPM agreement improved social welfare?Smyth Industries operated as a monopolist for the past several years, earning annual profits amounting to $50 million, which it could have maintained if Jones Incorporated did not enter the market. The result of this increased competition is lower prices and lower profits; Smyth Industries now earns $10 million annually. The managers of Smyth Industries are trying to devise a plan to drive Jones Incorporated out of the market so Smyth can regain its monopoly position (and profit). One of Smyth's managers suggests pricing its product 50 percent below marginal cost for exactly one year. The estimated impact of such a move is a loss of $1 billion. Ignoring antitrust concerns, compute the present value of Smyth Industries' profits if it could have remained a monopoly when the interest rate was 5 percent. Multiple Choice $210 million $200 million $1.05 billion $100 million
- Suppose a discriminating monopolist is selling a product in four separate markets in which demand functions are: Q1 = 300 – P1; Q2 = 200 – 0.5 P2; Q3 = 150 – 0.4P3 and Q4 = 75 – 0.25P4. Assume further that the total cost of the firm is given as TC = 65,000 – 100Q. As an economic adviser you are required to determine: The prices to be charged in the four markets and the amount of output to be sold in each market so that total profits can be maximized. Calculate the total profit to be made from the strategy of price discrimination. Explain what would have happened if this monopolist did not implement this strategy of price discrimination. Elasticities in each market and comment.Based on United States Census Bureau data for 2017, for the utilities (electricity and gas) industry the four firm concentration ratio (C4) is 16.2 percent and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index is 161.4. Why might the actual concentration, and therefore market power enjoyed by a specific utility company in a state, be greater than what is indicated by these numbers? These ratios are calculated for the entire country, and not for a specific city or state. Please give an explanation.A decorator, who is a monopolist, makes two types of specialty picture frames. From experience, the decorator has determined that if x frames of the first type and y frames of the second type are made and put on sale in a showroom, they can be sold for (100 - 2x) dollars and (120 - 3y) dollars each, respectively. The total cost of constructing these frames is (12x + 12y + 4xy) dollars. How many frames of each type should be produced to realize the maximum profit. and what is the maximum profit? Make sure to verify that this is indeed a maximum.
- Consider any market that has an inverted demand curve given by P = 200-0.6Qd, where P is the market price and Qd is the quantity demanded. Whatever the market structure, it is known that the production of this good takes place through Cmg = CVme= $8.00. Consider that the production of this market can be done by a monopolist company or by two duopolists. If it is a duopoly, the companies will organize themselves as a Stackelberg duopoly and will each have a fixed cost of $3,000.00. If it is a monopoly, this company will have a lot of expenses with licenses with the government, as it is the only one to explore the resource. In this way, your fixed costs would reach $15,000.00. Given this information, evaluate the best balance for this market, from the point of view of consumers.Not long ago, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) implemented “local number portability” rules allowing cellular phone consumers to switch cellular providers within the same geographic area and maintain the same phone number. How would you expect this change to affect the Rothschild index for the cellular service industry?Suppose that demand for a particular style of handmade Rwandan baskets is Qd = 1700 – 10P. Each basket maker has the following cost function: TCi = 1000 + 50 qi + .1 qi^2. Given this information, find the market outcomes under the various market structures below Multiplant monopoly. Suppose that a local entrepreneur decides to form a single monopoly by acquiring all the firms from part b and operating them as a single company (Each basket maker will still produce using the same cost function, but all the output will be marketed centrally). Now, how much output is produced at each plant (that is, by each basket maker), and how much by the firm as a whole? What is the monopoly price? What is the monopolist’s profit or loss per plant? What is the firm’s overall profit or loss for all 10 plants together? What is MCi and ATCi? What is MR?