Please help with a b c and d Remember that hexose kinase is an enzyme required for hexose metabolism, a process that takes a6-carbon sugar and breaks it down into 2 pyruvate molecules.5a. What specific metabolic process have we studied in which hexose metabolism occurs?5b. How many steps does this pathway consist of?steps5c. Overall, this metabolic process (hexose → 2 pyruvate) is exergonic. However, if you look at theindividual reactions that makeup this process, they are a mix of endergonic and exergonicreactions.Is the preceding statement true or false?If you selected true, describe the contribution of endergonic reactions to the overall exergonicprocess. If false, explain why.You discover that rather than being hormonally regulated (as seen above in humans), hexose kinaseis part of an operon in prokaryotic organisms. This operon is known as the "hexose operon" and itregulates expression of the complete set of enzymes needed to convert a hexose sugar into 2pyruvate molecules.5d. Remembering that hexose metabolism is a highly conserved process among all branches of life,how many genes do you expect to find in this operon? Explain your logic.Like the lac operon, the hexose operon is controlled by a separate regulatory protein under the controlof its own promoter (see the schematic of the operon below). The hexose regulatory protein issensitive to fatty acyl CoA levels. When all hexose fuel sources are depleted, the bacteria switch tolipid metabolism and fatty acyl CoA levels increase. This turns expression of the hexose operon off.+1+1Regulatory GenePregulatorPoperonHexose Operon Genesregulator promoteroperon promoter5e. The regulatory protein that controls expression of the hexose operons is a transcriptionalACTIVTOR or REPRESSOR (circle one).

Remember that hexose kinase is an enzyme required for hexose metabolism, a process that takes a S-carbon sugar and breaks it down into 2 pyruvate molecules. 5a. What specific metabolic process have we studied in which hexose metabolism occurs? 5b. How many steps does this pathway consist of? steps 5c. Overall, this metabolic process (hexose → 2 pyruvate) is exergonic. However, if you look at the individual reactions that makeup this process, they are a mix of endergonic and exergonic

Remember that hexose kinase is an enzyme required for hexose metabolism, a process that takes a S-carbon sugar and breaks it down into 2 pyruvate molecules. 5a. What specific metabolic process have we studied in which hexose metabolism occurs? 5b. How many steps does this pathway consist of? steps 5c. Overall, this metabolic process (hexose → 2 pyruvate) is exergonic. However, if you look at the individual reactions that makeup this process, they are a mix of endergonic and exergonic

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...

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In glycolysis, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate is considered irreversible. Yet, in gluconeogenesis, this "irreverisble" reaction is bypassed and pyruvate is eventually converted to PEP. Explain how gluconeogenesis bypasses this irreverisble reaction. Include the enzymes required to convert pyruvate to PEP + the intermediate that is created. Imagine a scenario where the PDH complex has picked up an "activating" mutation causing it to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA in an unregulated manner.There is way too much acetyl CoA than is actually necessary. Explain in a sentence or two how the body would compensate for this
Aspartate transcarbamoylase, which is necessary for CTP production, is an essential enzyme for the human body. In the below graph, which line represents the rate of the reaction catalyzes by Aspartate transcarbamoylase? Explain.
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Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity? a. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. b. It catalyzes a reaction which increases the rate of the overall pathway. c. It catalyzes an early step of glycolysis which has the lowest level of activation energy among the overall pathway. d. It is activated by ATP. e. It is inhibited by AMP.
When ATP and xylose are added to hexokinase, the enzyme produces a small amount of xylose-5-phosphate along with a large amount of ADP. How does this observation support the induced fit model?
Which of the following are required to begin the citric acid cycle? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices pyruvate oxaloacetate Acetyl CoA glucose pyruvate dehydrogenase What are the 2 main types of mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in response to the state of the cell/organism? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices isomerization hydration allosteric regulation induced fit covalent modification Which of the following are likely to negatively regulate (decrease) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices High levels of ATP Increased PDH kinase activity Influx of Ca2+ ions Insulin signaling High levels of NADH
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Could someone please explain which sequence illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy and why? A. digestion; citric acid cycle; ATP production; acteyl-CoA production B. digestion; citric acid cycle; acetyl-CoA production; ATP production C. citric acid cycle; digestion; acetyl-CoA production; ATP production D. digestion; acetyl-CoA production; citric acid cycle; ATP production
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The pentose phosphate pathway provides a number of critical functions including ["production of ribose-5-phosphate", "production of NADH"] that is vital for ["synthesis of nucleotides and coenzymes", "oxidative phosphorylation"] . This pathway is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative steps. The latter steps ["are involved in the conversion of various sugar phopshates, so called ["carbon shuffle reactions"", "are directly involved in NADPH production"] . If ["NADP+", "NAD+"] levels are high, flux through the pentose phosphate pathway is promoted by allosteric regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. If reducing equivalents derived form the pentose phosphate pathway are high, glucose-6-phosphate is directed toward ["a phosphatase and then export from the cell", "glycolysis"] .
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Considering the evidence that led Krebs to propose a cyclic pathway for oxidation of pyruvate, discuss the type of experimental evidence that might have led to realization of the cyclic nature of the glyoxylate pathway
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