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Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells **************** Disc membrane 100000000000000 Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What is a heterotrimeric G protein? A. AG protein with three different subunits B. AG protein with three hydrophobic domains C. A G protein that has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary structure, but no quaternary structure D. A G protein that binds to three distinct molecules simultaneously E. A G protein that catalyzes three different reactions

Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells **************** Disc membrane 100000000000000 Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What is a heterotrimeric G protein? A. AG protein with three different subunits B. AG protein with three hydrophobic domains C. A G protein that has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary structure, but no quaternary structure D. A G protein that binds to three distinct molecules simultaneously E. A G protein that catalyzes three different reactions

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Chapter33: Sensory Perception
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Problem 4DAA: Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of...
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Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What is a heterotrimeric G protein? A. A G protein with three different subunits B. A G protein with three hydrophobic domains C. A G protein that has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary structure, but no quaternary structure D. A G protein that binds to three distinct molecules simultaneously E. AG protein that catalyzes three different reactions
Transcribed Image Text:Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What is a heterotrimeric G protein? A. A G protein with three different subunits B. A G protein with three hydrophobic domains C. A G protein that has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary structure, but no quaternary structure D. A G protein that binds to three distinct molecules simultaneously E. AG protein that catalyzes three different reactions
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