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- The demand ? (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value ?? = 1000, and two years to maturity as a function of its price ? is ? = 4000 − 2?. The supply in (billions of £)asafunctionofthepriceofthebondis ? = 2?+ 400. There is a business cycle expansion, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, the new demand curve is given by: ?=4000+?−2? ,whereas the new supply curve is ?=2? + 200. For which values of ? will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of ? are in line with empirical data?(1) Do you think you currently have the disciplineneeded to control your spending in order to free upcash for regular investing? If not, what changes couldyou make? (2) If someone gave you a “hot tip” on astock, how would you go about researching theopportunity before making an investment decision?Describe a change in the tax code that mightincrease private saving. If this policy wereimplemented, how would it affect the market forloanable funds?
- Assume that an individual expects to work for 40 years andthen retire with a life expectancy of an additional 20 years.Suppose also that the individual’s earnings increase at a rateof 3 percent per year and that the interest rate is also 3 percent(the overall price level is constant in this problem). What(constant) fraction of income must the individual save ineach working year to be able to finance a level of retirementincome equal to 60 percent of earnings in the year just priorto retirement?Bond A pays $8,000 in 20 years. Bond B pays $8,000in 40 years. (To keep things simple, assume that theseare zero-coupon bonds, meaning the $8,000 is theonly payment the bondholder receives.)a. If the interest rate is 3.5 percent, what is the valueof each bond today? Which bond is worth more?Why? (Hint: You can use a calculator, but the ruleof 70 should make the calculation easy.)b. If the interest rate increases to 7 percent, what isthe value of each bond? Which bond has a largerpercentage change in value?c. Based on the example above, complete the twoblanks in this sentence: “The value of a bond[rises/falls] when the interest rate increases,and bonds with a longer time to maturity are[more/less] sensitive to changes in the interestrate.”A consumer's income in the current period is y = 100 and income in the future period is y'= 120. He or she pays lump-sum taxes t=20 in the current period and t'= 10 in the future period. The real interest rate is 0.1, or 10%, per period. (a) Determine what the consumer's optimal current-period and future-period consump tions are, and what optimal saving is, and show this in a diagram with the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? (b) Now suppose that instead of y = 100 the consumer has y = 140 Again, determine optimal consumption in the current and future periods and optimal saving, and show this in a dia gram. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? (c) Explain the differences in your results be tween parts (a) and (b).
- The following set of equations describe an economy:C= 15,000 + 0.75(Y – T) – 45,000rIp= 10,000 – 22,500rG= 8,200NX= 1,800T= 8,500Y*= 82,100Find PAE equation and what should be the interest rate to eliminate the outputgap.Three students have each saved $1,000.each has an investment opportunity in which he or she can invest upto $2,000.Here are the rates of return on the students investment project:a.If borrowing and lendind are prohibited,so each student uses only personal saving to finance his or her own investment project ,how much will each student have a year later when the project pays its return?b.Now suppose their school opens up a market for loanable funds in which students ran borrow and lend among themselves at an interest rate r.What would determine whether a student would choose to be a borrower or lender in this market?c.Among these three students,what would be the quantity of loanable funds supplied and quantity demanded at an interest rate of 7 percent?At 10percent?d.At what interest rate would the loanable funds market among these three students be in equilibrium?At this interest rate,which student(s) would borrow and which student(s) would lend?e.At the equilibrium interest rate,how…A pay-as-you -go social security plan collects 12 goods from each young person and distribute these goods equally to old people. Assume that population is constant and r = 1. What is the effect of this pension plan on: -the wealth of future generations - consumption when young and old -private saving by the young -investment by the young
- The Bangladesh Bank has created additional money worth Tk70,794 crore through various refinanceschemes and easing regulatory requirements after the Covid-19 outbreak in March for stimulatingdemand to revive the declining economy (link: https://tbsnews.net/economy/banking/bangladesh-bank-creates-money-worth-over-tk70000cr-revive-economy-76435?fbclid=IwAR108OXKcbXq6JjZj6v9FbULrDtys_QsZySUTKeAmauoqTjppgnLqU89muw#.Xq5kdXhgRqq.facebook) What type of monetary policy is this? Expansionary or contractionary? Draw a diagram toexplain your answer.Using the following data, calculate the equilibrium interest rate Y=7,000G=4000T=2,000C=150+0.75(Y-T)I=1,000-50rPublic Savings = -2000Private savings = 1100National Savings = -900Suppose you are in charge of the financial departmentof your company and you have to decide whether toborrow short or long term. Checking the news, yourealize that the government is about to engage in amajor infrastructure plan in the near future. Predictwhat will happen to interest rates. Will you advise borrowing short or long term?