Same graph, or use your PDF version, but the LCT change and BMR change nu If this animal became more cold acclimated by adding brown fat and fur with a 15°x and an increase of it's BMR by 17MRU it would have a heating cost of You are welcome to use a calculator for this problem. Use three decimal place-
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- Free energy changes under intracellular conditions differ markedly from those determined under standard conditions. ΔG°′ = -32.2 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. Calculate ΔG for ATP hydrolysis in a cell at 37 °C that contains [ATP] = 3 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and 3Pi4 = 1 mM.The maximum saturation, 28.3ug of enzyme in 25ml water catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol at a rate of 2.5mm/min. Calculate the kcat in units of seconds if the enzyme has a molar mass of 65kg/mol.In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
- Give typed explanation When an ATP molecule is hydrolyzed in cells, it is quickly recycled back into ATP so that it can be reused. According to most estimates, the average human body has 100g of ATP, but must be hydrolyze around their total body weight in ATP per day to maintain basic metabolism. For a 65 kg person, how many times must each ATP molecule be hydrolyzed and regenerated per day? b) Calculate the heat produced by hydrolysis of 65 kg of ATP (molecular weight of ATP is 507.18)Explain the difference between ΔG°’ and ΔG and calculate the free energy (delta G) of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM.Please calculate the ΔG of glucose transport into the cell if the concentration of glucose is 1mM inside the cell and 100μM outside. R=2cal/mol*K and T = 300K. A. 1.38kcal/mol B. -1.38kcal/mol C. 2.76kcal/mol D. -2.76kcal/mol
- Calculate the free energy change for glucose entry into cells when the extracellular concentration is 4.5 mM and the intracellular concentration is 2.1 mM at 37oC. Express your answer in kJ/mol.Many enzymes obey simple Michaelis–Mentenkinetics, which are summarized by the equationrate = Vmax [S]/([S] + Km)where Vmax = maximum velocity, [S] = concentration ofsubstrate, and Km = the Michaelis constant.It is instructive to plug a few values of [S] into theequation to see how rate is affected. What are the rates for[S] equal to zero, equal to Km, and equal to infinite concen-tration?Briefly describe the concept of steady state in a regular body cell. What is the role of Na+/K+ - ATPase? How this state can be changed in patients with hypokalemia?
- Calculate the free energy change for glucose entry into cells when the extracellular concentration is 4.5 mM and the intracellular concentration is 2.1 mM at 37oC. Express your answer in kJ/mol. ___KJ/molUnderstanding Human Energy Consumption During Exercise Energy production in animals is related to oxygen consumption. The ruby-throated hummingbird consumes about 250 mL of oxygen per hour during its migration across the Gulf of Mexico. Use this number and the data in problem 11 to determine a conversion factor for energy expended per liter of oxygen consumed. If a human being consumes 12.7 kcal/min while running 8-minute miles, how long could a human run on the energy that the hummingbird consumes in its trans-Gulf flight? How many 8-minute miles would a person have to run to lose 1 pound of body fat?Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM;ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and Pi, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinasereaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions?By how much?