SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physiciansprescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol(DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method wasabandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples thechemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of theinner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain howthis could cause weight loss and death.

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physiciansprescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol(DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method wasabandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples thechemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of theinner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain howthis could cause weight loss and death.

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Description: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physiciansprescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol(DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method wasabandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples thechemiosmotic machinery by making the

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter4: How Cells Obtain Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ACQ: Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If...

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Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.
DRAW IT The graph here showsthe pH difference across theinner mitochondrial membraneover time in an actively respiringcell. At the time indicated by thevertical arrow, a metabolic poisonis added that specifically andcompletely inhibits all function ofmitochondrial ATP synthase. Drawwhat you would expect to see forthe rest of the graphed line, andexplain your graph.
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.
Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis if its lipid bilayer were readily permeable to hydrogen ions (protons)?
As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. This effect leads to weight loss. You predict that a side effect of Fat Away will be increased production of NADH. increased production of pyruvate. increased production of lactate. increased body temperature.
A new weight loss drug, Super Fat Melter, is introduced on the market but then quickly recalled after a few patients die. As it turns out, the pill makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? Explain, with reference to the type of phosphorylation affected.
Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.
You are growing human muscles cells in the lab and you are trying to test how wellthe cells survive with decreasing concentrations of oxygen. As part of yourexperiment, you are measuring the rate of glucose use, the rate of mitochondrial ATPproduction and the pH of the solution surrounding the cells. As the concentration ofoxygen becomes lower änd lower, what changes might you expect to observe inthese cells?A. The rate of glucose use would increase, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and the pH of the solution would decrease (become more acidic).B. The rate of glucose use would decrease, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and the pH of the solution would increase (become more basic).C. The rate of glucose use would increase, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould increase, and the pH of the solution would decrease (become more acidic)D. The rate if glucose use would decrease, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and…
Luckily, protons (a.k.a. hydrogen ions or H+) are small enough to passively go right through a membrane, otherwise mitochondria would have to work too hard to regenerate ATP! True or False?
There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?
Cyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas the inhibitoryeffect of small amounts of dinitrophenol on ATP synthesisis reversible. Explain the difference.
Cyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen. Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly. .Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.