Select all the advantages of using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Select one or more: O Females can produce 400 to 500 eggs O Large genome Easy to culture in the laboratory Many mutations are available
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Q: Illustrate the chromosomes in the salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster
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- . You receive four strains of yeast in the mail, and theaccompanying instructions state that each strain contains a single copy of transgene A. You grow the fourstrains and determine that only three strains expressthe protein product of transgene A. Further analysisreveals that transgene A is located at a different position in the yeast genome in each of the four strains.Provide a hypothesis to explain this resultHow can one most effectively silence the myofilament gene unc-22 in C. elegans to produce the twitching phenotype? O A. Screen thousands of strains for a spontaneous unc-22 mutation O B. Soak worms in mutagenic solutions of EMS and screen the progeny OC. Inject antisense strands of unc-22 RNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny O D. Inject a high dose of unc-22 MRNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny O E. Culture worms with E. coli transformed with a plasmid that codes for a dsRNA unc-22 constructFor the first experiment ever on Drosophila mutations. Answer the following questions. a. What is the title of the first published paper explained the experiment and what is the name of the Author? b. What is the first mutation discovered in Drosophila? c. Explain the changes in the Drosophila yellow mutant (Y)compared to wild type.
- Illustrate about the Map and sequence the genomes of several model organisms used in experimental genetics, including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus (mouse).Describe how you would use replica plating of mutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identify temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essential genes needed for yeast growth and survival.Evidence [see P. G. Shiels, A. J. Kind, K. H. Campbell, et al. (1999),“Analysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep,” Nature 399, 316–317] suggests that Dolly may have been genetically older than heractual age. As mammals age, the chromosomes in somatic cells tendto shorten from the telomeres. Therefore, older individuals haveshorter chromosomes in their somatic cells than do younger ones.When researchers analyzed the chromosomes in the somatic cells of Dolly when she was about 3 years old, the lengths of her chromosomeswere consistent with those of a sheep that was significantlyolder, say, 9–10 years old. (Note: As described in the chapter, thesheep that donated the somatic cell that produced Dolly was 6 yearsold, and her mammary cells had been grown in culture for severalcell doublings before one of the cells was fused with an oocyte.)A. Suggest an explanation why Dolly’s chromosomes seemedolder than they should have been.B. Let’s suppose that a female sheep (like Dolly), which…
- Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexualbehavior in Drosophila because inappropriate Fru-Mexpression in females causes them to behave likemales: Such females display male behaviors that areoriented toward other females.a. Describe a fru mutation that could cause the expression of Fru-M in females.b. Describe a transgene construct that scientistscould generate and insert into Drosophila femalesthat would have the same effect as the mutant youdescribed in (a).6. Suppose a particular gene is required for early development and also later for development of a particulartissue, such as the adult nervous system. By generating a homozygous mutant clone in that tissue of a heterozygote, researchers can circumvent the lethalitythat would result if the entire animal is homozygousfor a loss-of-function mutation in that gene.A technique called MARCM (Mosaic Analysiswith a Repressible Cell Marker) was developed to enable Drosophila geneticists to generate homozygousmutant cell clones that are marked by the presence of areporter protein such as GFP. Marker expression enables the investigator to observe clearly the mutantphenotype within a clone of mutant cells. This technique relies on a yeast protein called Gal80 that is anegative regulator of the Gal4 protein described previously in Solved Problem II. Gal80 binds to Gal4 andprevents it from activating transcription. The idea ofMARCM is that Gal4/UASG-driven GFP expression isblocked by Gal80 throughout…. The position of the gene for the protein actin in the haploid fungus Neurospora is known from the complete genome sequence. If you had a slow-growing mutant thatyou suspected of being an actin mutant and you wantedto verify that it was one, would you (a) clone the mutantby using convenient restriction sites flanking the actingene and then sequence it or (b) amplify the mutantgene by using PCR and then sequence it?
- Researchers have identified a gene in humans that (when mutant)causes severe dwarfism and mental impairment. This disorder isinherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the mutant alleleis known to be a loss-of-function mutation. The same gene hasbeen found in mice, although a mutant version of the gene has notbeen discovered in mice. To develop drugs and an effective therapyto treat this disorder in humans, it would be experimentallyuseful to have a mouse model. In other words, it would be desirableto develop a strain of mice that carry the mutant allele in thehomozygous condition. Experimentally, how would you developsuch a strain?. Why is Drosophila used extensively for genetic studies?Describe two of the advantages of Drosophila as a model organism in genetics studies. nan an