Seven tomato plants were treated with chlorogenic acid (and seven control plants were not treated) to determine if this acid influences the activity of the enzyme o-diphenol oxidase in their leaves which is normally 13 units. The enzyme activity data are presented below. Does this treatment affect enzyme activity? TREATED – 35​, 45​, 36​, 11​, 41​, 29​, 38

Assume that two pigments, red and bluc, mix to give the normal purple color of petunia petals. Separate biochemical pathways synthesize the two pigments, as shown in pathways I and Il in the accompanying diagram. "White" refers to compounds that are not pigments (total lack of pigment results in a white petal). Red pigment forms from a yellow intermediate that is normally at a concentration loo kow to color petals. Bluc mixed with yellow makes green. Assume that no mutations are lethal. Pathway I.. White Blue Pathway I White, Yellow Red Pathway II White, White, A third pathway, whose compoundk do not contribute pelal pigmentation, normally docs not allfect the bluc and red pathways. However, if one of its intermediates (white3) should build up in concentration, it can be converted into the ycllow intermediate of the red pathway. In the diagram, the letiers A through E represent enzymes. The enzymes' correspoonding genes, all of which are unlinked, may be symbolized by the same letters.…

Tube 1 contains water, pyrocatechol, potato enzyme extract; Tube 2 contains water, pyrocatechol, potato enzyme extract, and phenylthiourea. What do these results show about the effect of phenylthiourea on the reaction with tyrosinase, and what role does phenylthiourea play in this reaction? Tube 1 Tube 2 MacBook Air ) F12 4) FI1 II ER >> 000 吕0 F3 F4

Which of these metabolic by-products can increase RER above 1.0?     Ca2+     lactate     H+     Pi

(b) The results in the table below were extracted from clinical reports of pediatric age infants (3 – 5 yr.) who had marked lactic acidosis, elevated blood ammonia, poor motor coordination, and showed mental retardation. From skin fibroblast cell cultures, enzyme assays were carried out, providing the results given below. PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase; E1, E2, E3 signify the three enzyme activities of the PDH complex measured separately. It should be noted that measurement of the overall activity of the PDH complex employs a different assay system than those used for measurement of the activi- ties of the separate, individual component enzymes. Patient or PDH Complex activity nmol/min/mg protein Native E1 E2 Ез Control +dichloroacetate nmol/h/mg protein Patient 1 0.318 + 0.054 0.322 + 0.053 1.54 0.29 3.69 + 1.21 15.1 + 3.0 Patient 2 0.050 ± 0,031 0.044 + 0.027 0.21 + 0.06 6.5 ± 3.1 9.8 ± 1.3 Patient 3 0.092 + 0.022 0.068 + 0.037 0.21 + 0.06 8.48 13.5 + 2.0 Control 1 0.932 + 0.076 1.368…

You have discovered an organism incapable of performing the full gluconeogenic pathway. Further analysis tells you these is no issue with glycolysis in this organism, no glucose ever leaves the cell once it enters, and the cell contains unusually large concentrations of the molecules shown below. Which gluconeogenic enzyme is missing/non-functional in this organism? Defend your answer in as much detail as possible and make sure you identify the two compounds accumulating in your answer.

Consider the following reaction occurring at 298 K: OH CH₂OH OH -0. OH OH +ATP k₁ k₂ 0- OCH, OH OH 0 OH OH Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate Hexokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. When the hexokinase is present the rate of k₁ is 1.3 X10-3 M-15-1 Calculate the activation energy for the hexokinase catalyzed forward reaction.. +ADP

7) The following questions apply to glycolysis (figure 3-41 on page 79 of the 12th edition), the Krebs cycle (figure 3-44 on page 82) and to oxidative phosphorylation (figure 3-45 on page 84). Calculate the total amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule if: a. The oxidation of NADH + H* to NAD* + 2H* produced 4 ATP. b. The oxidation of FADH₂ to FAD + 2H* produced 1 ATP. c. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces NADH+H* produced FADH2 instead. d. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces FADH2 produced NADH + H+ instead. e. Sucrose is substituted for glucose.

From the chart below, comment on the temperature dependence of this enzyme catalyzed reaction.

The following Michaelis-Menten plot shows the response of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, to the presence of ATP and AMP. Based on the data below, which of the following statements apply? Select all that apply. No inhibitors (low (ATP)) 1 mM ATP + 0.1 mM AMP 1 mM ATP 1.0 2.0 (Fructose-6-phosphate) mM Fig. : Regulation of PFK activity AMP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate а. O b. AMP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate ATP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate O c. O d. ATP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase activity