For each chemical reaction in the table below, decide whether the highlighted reactant is a Brønsted-Lowry acid, a Brønsted-Lowry base, or neither. highlighted reactant reaction Bronsted-Lowry Bronsted-Lowry acid base neither →>> ClO4(aq) + H2O(l) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) HCIO 4(aq) + OH (aq) ClO4(aq) + H2O(l) - - ClO4(aq) + H2O(1) →>> CIO4(aq) + H2O(1) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) ☑ ك Some soluble compounds are listed in the table below. Complete the table by filling in the name or chemical formula of each compound, whichever is missing. (If there is more than one way to name the compound, choose the name used when the compound is dissolved in water.) Also classify the compound using the checkboxes. type of compound (check all that apply) compound name ionic molecular strong weak strong weak acid acid base base HI ☐ sodium iodide NaOH ☐ ☐ ammonia ☐

For each chemical reaction in the table below, decide whether the highlighted reactant is a Brønsted-Lowry acid, a Brønsted-Lowry base, or neither. highlighted reactant reaction Bronsted-Lowry Bronsted-Lowry acid base neither →>> ClO4(aq) + H2O(l) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) HCIO 4(aq) + OH (aq) ClO4(aq) + H2O(l) - - ClO4(aq) + H2O(1) →>> CIO4(aq) + H2O(1) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) HClO4(aq) + OH (aq) ☑ ك Some soluble compounds are listed in the table below. Complete the table by filling in the name or chemical formula of each compound, whichever is missing. (If there is more than one way to name the compound, choose the name used when the compound is dissolved in water.) Also classify the compound using the checkboxes. type of compound (check all that apply) compound name ionic molecular strong weak strong weak acid acid base base HI ☐ sodium iodide NaOH ☐ ☐ ammonia ☐

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter13: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no...

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Use the same symbols as in Question 61 ( = anion, =OH) for the box below. (a) Fill in a similar box (representing one liter of the same solution) after 2 mol of H+ (2) have been added. Indicate whether the resulting solution is an acid, base, or buffer. (b) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 2 mol of OH- (2 ) have been added. (c) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 5 mol of OH- (5 ) have been added. (Hint: Write the equation for the reaction before you draw the results.)
Using the diagrams shown in Problem 10-117, which of the solutions would have the greatest buffer capacity, that is, greatest protection against pH change, when the following occurs? a. A strong acid is added to the solution. b. A strong base is added to the solution.
Four different substances of the generalized formula HA were dissolved in water, with the results shown in the diagrams. Which of the diagrams represents the substance that is the strongest electrolyte?
Classify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte or a weak electrolyte. a. H3PO4 b. HNO3 c. KNO3 d. NaOH
Strong Acids, Weak Acids, and pH Two 0.10-mol samples of the hypothetical monoprotic acids HA(aq) and HB(aq) are used to prepare 1.0-L stock solutions of each acid. a Write the chemical reactions for these acids in water. What are the concentrations of the two acid solutions? b One of these acids is a strong acid, and one is weak. What could you measure that would tell you which acid was strong and which was weak? c Say that the HA(aq) solution has a pH of 3.7. Is this the stronger of the two acids? How did you arrive at your answer? d What is the concentration of A(aq) in the HA solution described in part c? e If HB(aq) is a strong acid, what is the hydronium-ion concentration? f In the solution of HB(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), B(aq), HB(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? g In the solution of HA(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), A+(aq), HA(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? h Say you add 1.0 L of pure water to a solution of HB. Would this water addition make the solution more acidic, make it less acidic, or not change the acidity of the original solution? Be sure to fully justify your answer. i You prepare a 1.0-L solution of HA. You then take a 200-mL sample of this solution and place it into a separate container. Would this 200 mL sample be more acidic, be less acidic, or have the same acidity as the original 1.0-L solution of HA(aq)? Be sure to support your answer.
Which of the terms weak, strong, monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic characterize(s) each of the following acids? More than one term may apply in a given situation. a. H3PO4 b. H3PO3 c. HBr d. HC2H3O2
. The concepts of acid-base equilibria were developed in this chapter for aqueous solutions (in aqueous solutions, water is the solvent and is intimately involved in the equilibria). However, the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory can be extended easily to other solvents. One such solvent that has been investigated in depth is liquid ammonia. NH3. a. Write a chemical equation indicating how HCl behaves as an acid in liquid ammonia. b. Write a chemical equation indicating how OH- behaves as a base in liquid ammonia.
Aqueous Solutions of Acids, Bases, and Salts a For each of the following salts, write the reaction that occurs when it dissociates in water: NaCl(s), NaCN(s), KClO2(s), NH4NO3(s), KBr(aq), and NaF(s). b Consider each of the reactions that you wrote above, and identify the aqueous ions that could be proton donors (acids) or proton acceptors (bases). Briefly explain how you decided which ions to choose. c For each of the acids and bases that you identified in pan b, write the chemical reaction it can undergo in aqueous solution (its reaction with water). d Are there any reactions that you have written above that you anticipate will occur to such an extent that the pH of the solution will be affected? As pan of your answer, be sure to explain how you decided. e Assume that in each case above, 0.01 mol of the salt was dissolved in enough water at 25C to make 1.0 L of solution. In each case what additional information would you need in order to calculate the pH? If there are cases where no additional information is required, be sure to state that as well. f Say you take 0.01 mol of NH4CN and dissolve it in enough water at 25C to make 1.0 L of solution. Using chemical reactions and words, explain how you would go about determining what effect this salt will have on the pH of the solution. Be sure to list any additional information you would need to arrive at an answer.
A buffer solution has a pH value of 9.8. Which value in the set of pH values 8.79.79.89.910.9 is the most likely value for the buffer solution pH after a. a small amount of strong acid has been added? b. a small amount of strong base has been added?
Indicate whether solutions of each of the following substances contain ions, molecules, or both. a. acetic acid, a weak acid b. sucrose, a nonelectrolyte c. sodium sulfate, a soluble salt d. hydrofluoric acid, a weak electrolyte
Each box represents an acid solution at equilibrium. Squares represent H+ ions. Circles represent anions. (Although the anions have different identities in each figure, they are all represented as circles.) Water molecules are not shown. Assume that all solutions have the same volume. (a) Which figure represents the strongest acid? (b) Which figure represents the acid with the smallest Ka? (c) Which figure represents the acid with the lowest pH?
Classify each of the following acids as monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. a. HClO3 (chloric acid) b. HC3H5O4 (glyceric acid) c. H3C6H5O7 (citric acid) d. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)