Spread of bacteria to other sites in the body (ie- the "spread step" of pathogenesis) does NOT involve: using the cytoskeleton of the host cell cell wall proteins and adhesin o clot-digesting enzymes like kinase o tissue digesting enzymes like collagenase O invasinss

Q: What are some mutations that bacteria have acquired to resist antibiotocs? Include source/website…

A: Bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics by undergoing some mutations.

Q: Which of the following is true of an infectious disease? they can be spread from one host to another…

A: Disease is a specific abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of an…

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) The virus-host relationship usually…

A: Introduction: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and archaea and replicates within…

Q: Escherichia coli displays which antigens?a. capsular b. somatic c. flagellar d. all of these

A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that is mostly found in the human intestine and gut of some animals. It…

Q: In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with…

A: The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an infection that causes herpes in various parts of the body that…

Q: Which of the following is not an exotoxin? O LPS O A-B toxin O Leukocidins O Superantigens

A: Hello you have asked multiple questions. We can answer only the first one for rest please repost…

Q: Why must the top agar be supplemented with maltose? A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to…

A: Plate cultures of bacteriophage are prepared by combining phage with susceptible host cells in top…

Q: Which of the following is most susceptible to antimicrobial agents?   mycobacteria bacterial…

A: INTRODUCTION Vegetative bacteria A normally growing bacterial cell that forms endospore is called…

Q: Because most pathogens cannot survive for extended peri-ods of time outside the body, they must…

A: An infectious agent that upon entry harms the body and causes the disease is called a pathogen. The…

Q: In many viral diseases (e.g., smallpox, mumps and influenza), illness occurs shortly after exposure…

A: A virus is a combination of hereditary code, either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: Clostridium difficile is a part of the normal intentinal microbiota. When multiple antibiotics are…

A: Clostridium difficile is a gram positive bacterium that infects the bowel of a person and causes…

Q: When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of itshost cell and is replicated when…

A: A virus has genetic material that can be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)…

Q: Yeast infection following antibiotic therapy is an example of _______ infection     . acute…

A: Following I will be discussing about opportunistic infections.  Opportunistic infections  are…

Q: The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and…

A: The protozoan parasitic species present in the genus Trypanosoma causes Human African…

Q: Clostridium difficile infection is the leading causeof hospital-associated gastrointestinal illness.…

A: Clostridium difficile is an infection caused by the bacteria which is responsible for infecting the…

Q: Virulence factors allow microbes to be pathogens. This means that a bacterium with more virulence…

A: Option c  Can more easily infect hosts and cause disease. Virulence is defined as the degree of…

Q: Sketch the outer coverings of GP and GN bacteria including the cell wall, cell membranes, and…

A: GRAM STAINING METHOD:- This is a differential staining that was developed by Dr. Hans Christian Gram…

Q: . Complete the following table to compare viruses, viroids, and prions. Effects on host, or types of…

A: viruses, viroids and prions are all very small particles capable of infection. They have different…

Q: Successful pathogens must do which of the following?Choose one or more:A. Cause rapid death in the…

A: A pathogen may be bacteria, virus or fungi that can cause disease or illness to its host. This term…

Q: Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering…

A: The anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is believed to play an important role in the…

Q: that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and…

A: Compylobacter  A gram negative bacteria that causes diarrhoea.

Q: something that is easily spread from one host to another a pathogenic microbe an abnormal state in…

A: healthy body is considered to be that body that does not have any form of aberration in the…

Q: What is the purpose of this structure at the end of the arrow that makes the bacteria more…

A: Pathogenicity is the characteristic of an organism to cause disease and harm its host cells.

Q: Escherichia coli displays which antigens? a. capsular c. fl agellar b. somatic d. all of these

A: Bacteria is a type of prokaryote that can be found on the Earth's surface. While some are dangerous…

Q: What structures are found on agar plates when the bacteriophage T4 has penetrated Escherichia coll?…

A: ANSWER;- Colonies

Q: Which TWO statements regarding viral infection are TRUE? O Viral particles may be shed during the…

A: Viral infection Proliferation of a harmful virus within the body. Viruses cannot reproduce without…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of innate antimicrobial drug resistance? O slow growth…

A: Since there are multiple questions, the first one is answered for you. If you require answer for a…

Q: From the list below, supply the words needed to complete the paragraph. Some words will not be used.…

A: Note- we are supposed to answer 3 subpart of a question, please repost other questions separately.…

Q: Most hospitals use hand sanitizers that claim to “kill 99.99% of illness causing germs”. What are…

A: Maintaining a clean work environment is critical in preventing different types of illness. Bacteria…

Q: An active viral infection cycle that produces a large number of new virions and ultimately causes…

A: Virus are the tiny entities even smaller than the bacteria that are capable of causing infection…

Q: Exotoxins usually contribute to the infection process but endotoxins do not.  Both, however, are…

A: Virulence is the ability of an infectious agent to produce disease. Toxins are products of…

Q: Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering…

A: Propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic, Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that forms part of the…

Q: Communicable diseases caused by microbes must have O A portal of exit only A portal of entry only…

A: Portal of entry is a route through which a microbe enters into a living body. Portal of exit is a…

Q: In lysogenic conversion, (a) bacterial cells may exhibit new properties (b) the host cell dies (c)…

A: A bacterium and a phage go through a process called lysogenic conversion, which is typically…

Q: An 83 year old patient has been ill the past couple of days with an upper respiratory infection. Her…

A: Nursing counselling and advise involves certain intervention which helps process focusing on the…

Q: How does a fever influence bacterial pathogens? O They grow faster because they are thermophiles O…

A: Fever can uphold the resistant framework's endeavor to pick up advantage over irresistible…

Q: the human immune system is highly shophisticated means of controlling bacteria infection. describe…

A: Humans are continuously being surrounded by microbes all around them. Still, they can survive very…

Q: Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering…

A: Propionibacteria are anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram positive bacteria. Their name is related to their…

Q: What role do the host cells proteases play in infection, i.e., in viruses gainging access to the…

A: The explanation is given below.

Q: Match descriptions with terms. Some choices may be used more than once, and others not at all.…

A: The following mode of microbial infection is matched below in step 2. According to the question some…

Q: normal microbiota

A: Microbiota can  refer to all the microorganisms found in an environment, including Bacteria, viruses…

Q: Which of the following are antibiotics? X-gal and IPTG haemolysin Escherichia coli pBluescript…

A: Antibiotics are specific molecules that are released by some bacteria. Actually it is used as the…

Q: Which of the following terms is used for the stage of viral replication primarily responsible for…

A: Viruses are infectious agents that are tiny in size. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasitic…

Q: Acyclovir, Streptomycin, polymyxin, sulfonamide, or penicillin (choose one to fill in the blank…

A: Antibiotic drugs are widely utilised in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections since…

Q: Bacillus anthracis

A: Bacillus anthracis  is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly…

Q: When microbiologists are working with bacterial batch cultures, we would expect to see no net change…

A: The most frequent laboratory growth method for studying bacterial growth is  batch culture, however,…

Q: Which group of bacteria below would be most resistant to antibioitcs? O wall-less bacteria e.g._…

A: Bacterias are harmful to life and antibiotics are used to kill or suppress their growth in an…

Q: Drug resistance occurs O against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. O…

A: As per our honor code, we are allowed to answer only one question at a moment. You have posted…

Q: Answer each of the following about the microbe you choose. 1. Scientific name of the microbe. 2.…

A: Normal flora  Normal flora are microorganisms that live inside a living host without causing any…

Q: How will the following factors contribute to the ability of bacteria to invade the host? A.…

A: Pathogens are the organisms that cause diseases.