Studies have shown that producing Good X generates pollution that is harmful - even for consumers who may not purchase/consume Good X themselves. If prices for this good are simply determined in a free market, which of the following will occur? O The market price of Good X will be too low and the quantity produced and sold will be too high. O The market will be efficient because markets always regulate marginal benefits and marginal costs of all consumers. O The market price of Good X will reflect the marginal social benefit received by nonconsumers of Good X. O The market price of Good X will be efficient but the quantity produced and sold will be too high. O The price of Good X will overstate the true external costs imposed on nonconsumers of Good X.
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- The following Table refers to four buyers’ willingness to pay for papadums. Each buyeris willing to buy at most one papadum and no more. buyer Willingness to pay ($) for onepapadum Lincoln 17.00 Jefferson 15.00 Franklin 9.00 Washington 3.00 (a) Let the competitive market price be $4.00: calculate the total consumer surplusin the market at this price.(b) Assume now that there is only a single seller of papadums, and she knows eachbuyer’s willingness to pay. Assume that this seller incurs a cost of $4.00 perunit of papadum produced (i.e., the marginal cost is constant). If she intends tomaximise profits, how many papadums would this seller supply to the market,and what price would she charge? Remember, the price has to be the same foreach unit sold. Hint: start at a price of $17 and calculate what profit would be.Then lower the price just enough to attract an additional buyer and calculatewhat the new profit would be. Repeat this until all four buyers are purchasingthe…a) Suppose that in the production of computer software, the marginal rate of technical substitution between engineers and marketer is 5 for IBM and 3 for Microsoft. Explain why this outcome violates the condition for efficiency in production and how a voluntary exchange could make both companies better off. b) Ignoring rationing problems and black markets, under rent control (or any price ceiling that produces a shortage) the price paid by consumers equals the marginal cost of producing the good. Does this mean the output level is efficient? Explain. c) What does the contract curve in an Edgeworth production box signify? Why do competitive markets generate equilibriums that lie on the contract curve?This question is inspired on the recent evolution of electricity markets in Switzerland and the EU.Suppose a market consists of three producers:i. Firm 1 (photovoltaics) has a marginal cost of production od CHF 1 and can produce up to 100 MW/h;ii. Firm 2 (hydroelectric) has a marginal cost od production of CHF 5 and can produce up to 200 MW/H;iii. Firm 3 (gas) has a marginal cost od production of CHF 20 and can produce up to 200 MW/h.For simplicity, assume that there are no fixed costs of production.Consumers are willing to pay a constant amount of 25 CHF for each additional MW/h up to 500 MW/h. a) Draw a graph of supply and demand for this market.b) Calculate the price in the market and the profits of each company.
- K What are the obstacles to achieving an efficient allocation of resources in the market economy? The obstacles to achieving an efficient allocation of resources in the market economy include OA. taxes and subsidies, externalities, monopoly, and public goods B. rising wage rates, technological advances, falling oil prices, and changes in preferences C. rising wage rates, externalities, technological advances, and common resources D. taxes and subsidies, falling oil prices, monopoly, and changes in preferences Note:- Please avoid using ChatGPT and refrain from providing handwritten solutions; otherwise, I will definitely give a downvote. Also, be mindful of plagiarism. Answer completely and accurate answer. Rest assured, you will receive an upvote if the answer is accurate.Buyer Willingness to Pay David $8.00 Laura $7.00 Ty $5.50 Mallory $4.00 Audrey $3.50 In the above table, at different market prices, which statement is NOT correct? Question 27 options: At a price of $9.00, no buyer is willing to purchase the good. When the price is $3.00, each person would receive consumer surplus. At a price of $4.00, total consumer surplus in the market will be $8.50. At a price of $7.50, the consumer surplus for Laura is $0.50.Supposeg1increases, but stillc1+b1+g1<1. Using a graph of the goods market, show how we would represent an increase in the value ofg1on equilibrium output y. Be sure to label all axes, curves, and equilibrium points. Suppose instead,c1+b1+g1= 0. Is the equilibrium in the goods market still possible? If so, what is the equilibrium output? You must explain your answer to receive full credit.
- 6. Suppose the market demand curve for cranberries is given by the equationQd = 500 - 4P, while the market supply curve for cranberries (when P ≥ 50) isdescribed by the equation Qs = -100 + 2P, where P is the price of cranberriesexpressed in dollars per barrel, and quantity (Qd or Qs) is in thousands ofbarrels per year. At what price and quantity is the market for cranberries inequilibrium? Show this equilibrium graphically.It is widely believed that land-use regulations, such as zoning laws that restrict real estatedevelopment, raise the marginal cost of housing, thereby reducing market supply. Jackson(2016) for example shows that increased land-use regulations reduce residential permittingby 4-8 percent. By reducing supply, land-use restrictions likely put upward pressure onhousing price; all else being equal, Zabel & Dalton (2011) find that increasing the minimumlot size required per dwelling by one acre raises house prices by about nine percent. By how much do think a nine percent increase in housing price impacts consumerwelfare? Provide a range based on the price elasticities cited above. Please show allof your work, including math and diagrams. Given your estimates, what would consumers be WTP for to avoid a one acreincrease in the minimum lot size?3. A small country can import a good at a world price of 10 per unit. The domestic supplycurve of the good is S = 20 + 10P , D = 400 - 5P.In addition, each unit of production yields a marginal social benefit of 10.Now, suppose demand and supply are exactly as described in problem 3, but there is nomarginal social benefit to production. However, for political reasons the government counts adollar's worth of gain to producers as being worth $3 of either consumer gain or governmentrevenue. Calculate the effects on the government's objective of a tariff of 5 per unit
- The annual demand for imported oranges is given by the following equation:?? = 600,000 − 30,000?where ? is the price per kilogram and ?? is quantity of kilograms demanded per year.The supply of imported oranges is given by the equation:?? = 20,000? a. Suppose that a $1-per-gallon tax is levied on the price of oranges received by sellers. Use both graphic and algebraic techniques to show the impact of the tax on market equilibriumAssume an increase in the price from the EQUILIBRIUM PRICE as established in # 1 above, SHOW GEOMETRICALLY (using a graph) the effect of such an increase in Price ABOVE THE EQUILIBRIUM point. What “economic problem” is created in the market. Measure geometrically the magnitude or distance of such “economic problem”. In the face of such an economic problem, where private sector buyers and suppliers could not do anything more (and considering the PERISHABILITY OF THE VEGETABLE PRODUCT), which economic actor should come to intervene properly? Discuss what should that intervener do amidst such economic problem faced by the microeconomic actors -- the buyers and the sellers.B. Let’s consider the market for flour in a different town. Assume that it is efficient (i.e. that there are not external costs to producing flour, and no external benefits from consuming it). Price ($/lb) Quantity Supplied (thousands of lbs per day) Quantity Demanded (thousands of lbs per day) 1.5 8 14 2 9 13 2.5 10 12 3 11 11 3.5 12 10 4 13 9 What is the price and quantity of flour sold without government intervention. Graph this equilibrium. XXXX 2. Suppose that, alarmed by the inability of many poorer consumers to buy flour, the government institutes a $2/lb price ceiling. How much flour will suppliers wish to sell, and how much will buyers demand? How much flour will actually be sold? Show this outcome on the same graph you drew for question 1. XXXX 3. Describe, in one sentence each, three problems that this policy might create? Please do not simply copy down phrases from the textbook, but instead describe ways that…