study of traffic violations on a busy highway finds nat the number of tickets for speeding written by fficers tends to decrease on rainy days. A police ergeant explains that driver behavior could be a onfounding variable. Vhich statement best explains the confounding ariable in this study? O On sunny days, more tickets for speeding are written than on rainy days. O Officers are less likely to want to leave their police cars to write tickets on rainy days. O Drivers may drive more carefully on rainy days, so the number of speeding tickets decreases. Drivers are more likely to speed on rainy days to get to their destination faster.
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- Sanjay won a poker game against his friends. Now he has to choose between $600 (the winnings) and the chance to play a new game. In this new game, Sanjay has a 50% chance of winning nothing and a 50% chance of winning $1000. The following graph presents the utility function of Sanjay with respect to money: 1. By how much money would his winnings need to increase or decrease so that Sanjay isindifferent between the $600 and the new game? At a different table, Juan wins $800 in a blackjack game. Similarly, he has to choose between $800 or the chance to win a new game. In this game, Juan has a 45% chance of winning nothing and a 55% chance of winning $1000. The following graph presents the utility function of Juan with respect to money: 2. By how much money would his winnings need to increase or decrease so that Juan is indifferent between the $800 and the new game? Please enter a positive number for an increase or a negative number for a decrease.a. A young connoisseur has $600 to spend to build a smallwine cellar. She enjoys two vintages in particular: a 2001French Bordeaux (wF) at $40 per bottle and a less expensive 2005 California varietal wine (wC) priced at $8. Ifher utility is U (wF, wC))=wF2/3 w C1/3 ,then how much of each wine should she purchase?b. When she arrived at the wine store, this young oenologistdiscovered that the price of the French Bordeaux hadfallen to $20 a bottle because of a decrease in the valueof the euro. If the price of the California wine remainsstable at $8 per bottle, how much of each wine shouldour friend purchase to maximize utility under thesealtered conditions?c. Explain why this wine fancier is better off in part (b)than in part (a). How would you put a monetary value onthis utility increase?Roxanne is considering chipping in to pay for some tree trimming in her neighborhood. If the trees are trimmed, everyone's view improves by the same amount. Roxanne's utility function is given by u(x,t)=3x+1200t, where x is the amount of money she has to spend and t is a variable that equals 1 if the trees are trimmed and 0 if they are not. 1st attempt See Hint Suppose Roxanne starts with $8000. Her utility of that amount of money without the trees being trimmed is 24000 (that is, u(8000,0)=24000). Calculate her reservation price for contributing to the tree-trimming project. $
- True/False/Uncertain: 1. In taking an exam, Atack, a rational student, allocates his time to the various questions so as to equalize hismarginal point utility per minute on all questions. 2. The marginal utility of food to Zecher depends only on the amount of food (and not on the amount ofhousing) and the marginal utility declines as more food is consumed; likewise for housing. Therefore,both food and housing are normal goods. (Hint: Express the optimality condition for Zecher’s [UMP], MUF/MUH = PF/PH. Notice that PF/PH is fixed. If all of an increase in income is spent on F, can the equality be maintained?)In today’s economy, it’s harder for workers to get promoted. In 2006, it took an averageof 2 ½ years to get a promotion; today it takes 4 ½ years. As a result, fewer workers are willingto boost their productivity in an effort to impress the boss and get the promotion. In 2006, 25percent of employees said they were willing to give “an extra oomph” at work (boost theirproductivity); today about 15 percent are willing to do so. Explain the connection to the Phillipscurve.Question3 a) Suppose a household is faced with the choice between consuming gasoline (G) and all other goods (OG). Today the household consumes 800 liter of gasoline a year.Suppose then that a gasoline price increase is perfectly compensated by a wage increase. If the family followed the utility maximization model, how would this affect their consumption of gasoline? Explain by using a figure. b) Explain by using an example why an MRS (Marginal Rate of Substitution) between two goods must equal the ratio of the price of the goods for the consumer to achieve maximum satisfaction?
- Ann can finish a project either this week or next week. The delayed rewardsare 10 in either case. (The project can be done only once or not at all).Next week is busy and the cost of finishing the project are lower thisweek. Theimmediate costs are 4 this week and 6 next week.Ann has a quasi-hyperbolic utility withδ= 1 andβ <1. Imagine that Anndoes not finish the project this week. Then she should finish it next week (A) ifβ >0.6; (B) ifβ >0.4; (C) only ifβ= 1; (D) for anyβ.11. Suppose thatβ= 0.5 and Ann correctly anticipates her choice next week. Thenshe should finish the project (A) this week; (B) next week; (C) never; (D) not enough information. Suppose thatβ= 0.5, and Ann can commit to finish the project next week (e.g.by imposing a heavy cost on herself if the project is not finished nextweek).Then she will (A) do the project this week;(B) commit to do it next week and finish it then;(C) do it next week without commitment;(D) commit and then not finish it.Ann can finish a project either this week or next week. The delayed rewardsare 10 in either case. (The project can be done only once or not at all).Next week is busy and the cost of finishing the project are lower thisweek. Theimmediate costs are 4 this week and 6 next week.Ann has a quasi-hyperbolic utility withδ= 1 andβ <1. Imagine that Anndoes not finish the project this week. Then she should finish it next week (A) ifβ >0.6; (B) ifβ >0.4; (C) only ifβ= 1; (D) for anyβ.11. Suppose thatβ= 0.5 and Ann correctly anticipates her choice next week. Thenshe should finish the project (A) this week; (B) next week; (C) never; (D) not enough information. Suppose thatβ= 0.5, and Ann can commit to finish the project next week (e.g.by imposing a heavy cost on herself if the project is not finished nextweek).Then she will (A) do the project this week;(B) commit to do it next week and finish it then;(C) do it next week without commitment;(D) commit and then not finish it. Can you…EXERCISE 1Below is a production possibilities table for consumer goods (Food) and capital goods(Robots):A B C D EFood 0 1 2 3 4Robots 10 9 7 4 01. Show these data graphically. Upon what specific assumptions is this productionpossibilities curve based?2. If the economy is at point C, what is the cost of one more food? Of one morerobot? Explain how the production possibilities curve reflects the law ofincreasing opportunity costs.3. If the economy characterized by this production possibilities table and curvewere producing 3 food and 2 robots, what could you conclude about its use ofavailable resources?4. What would production at a point outside the production possibilities curveindicate? What must occur before the economy can attain such a level ofproduction?EXERCISE 2Explain how (if at all) each of the following affects the location of a country’s productionpossibilities curve:1. The quality of education increases.2. The number of unemployed workers increases.3. A new technique…
- Earlier this year, 2021, the price of chicken meat rose unexpectedly reached to 250/ kilo at peak from the previous price of 170/ kilo. This 68% increase of price per kilo was primarily caused by excess demand for chicken meat. This is the result of the decrease in consumption for pork meat due to the threat of African Swine Flu (ASF). However, even though consumer shifted preferences, the increase in the price of chicken was perceived to be too high for the budget of consumers. Therefore, sellers realized decrease in their daily aggregate sales from 1,000 kilos to 700 kilos. 1. Illustrate the change in the market equilibrium through a graph. 2. What presumably happened to the total revenues of the sellers during the price hike period? a.) Compute the price elasticity of demand b.) Derive the total revenue before the hike (TR1), and after the hike (TR2).Earlier this year, 2021, the price of chicken meat rose unexpectedly reached to 250/ kilo at peak from the previous price of 170/ kilo. This 68% increase of price per kilo was primarily caused by excess demand for chicken meat. This is the result of the decrease in consumption for pork meat due to the threat of African Swine Flu (ASF). However, even though consumer shifted preferences, the increase in the price of chicken was perceived to be too high for the budget of consumers. Therefore, sellers realized decrease in their daily aggregate sales from 1,000 kilos to 700 kilos. Illustrate the change in the market equilibrium through a graph. What presumably happened to the total revenues of the sellers during the = price hike period? Compute the price elasticity of demand. Derive the total revenue before the hike (TR1), and after the hike (TR2).abby is a single mom with a weekly budget of $100. She can spend her weeklyincome on food and diapers for her son. Price of food is $1 and price of a diaperis 50 cents. Her son needs at least 5 diapers a day, therefore she must purchaseat least 35 diapers weekly. Jennifer’s utility function is U (f, d) = f 0.9d0.1,where f and d represent quantity of food and diapers, respectively.Question 1 Part aFind abbys optimal consumption bundle. Make sure to draw her budgetconstraint and indifference curves and clearly demonstrate your solution.