Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)ª = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by %3D 12 percent per year, and real income grows by 4 percent per year. a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher? Explain c) How do you interpret the parameter k? What is it's relationship to the velocity of money?
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- Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY(1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The REAL INTEREST RATE, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1,M1 / P1, and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2,and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2. (π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3.) C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY / (1 + it) for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The real interest rate, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1, M1 / P1 and, E1π2. B . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2, and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2, π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3. C . Compare E1π2 and π2.
- Suppose the money demand function is = 1000 + 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πe). Required (a.) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = 0.06, and πe = 0.04. (b.) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? (c.) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but Y and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity and the price level? (d.) For part (c.), if the nominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?There are two countries in the world, A and B. Suppose the central bank in country A has an annual inflation target pai = 0.02 while the central bank in country B has anannual inflation target pai = 0.03. In the long run, we would expect the nominalexchange rate of country A to appreciate against country B at a rate of about 1% per year.True or False? Explain.Suppose the economywide demand for money is given by: M = P(0.2Y – 25,000i). The price level Pequals 3, and real output Y equals 8,000. At what value should the Fed set the nominal money supply if it wants to set the nominal interestrate at 2 percent?
- The supply of credit cards is given by q = 1400X, where X are real credit card balances, q isthe real price of the credit card balance. You also know that R = 0.05 (nominal interest rate)and P = 100. Answer the following questions about this:(a) If the money supply is M s= $5, 000, if P = 100 is the equilibrium price level, find Y (realoutput).(b) Suppose that the Federal Reserve Bank decides to increase the money supply by 10%.How much is the inflation rate as a result? Explain and justify your answer. (c) Further suppose that at the same time, real output, Y , increases by 10%. Now what isthe inflation rate? Does our quantity theory of money hold here? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.Suppose a given country experienced low and stableinflation rates for quite some time, but then inflation picked up and over the past decade had beenrelatively high and quite unpredictable. Explain howthis new inflationary environment would affect thedemand for money according to portfolio theories ofmoney demand. What would happen if the governmentdecided to issue inflation-protected securities?Suppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?
- (a) Calculate each of the following for Year 2. Show your work. (i) Real GIDP per capita for Arturia (il) Real GDP per capita for Ringberg (b) If Arturia and Ringberg have the same velocity of money in Year 2, which nation must have the higher money supply in Year 2? Explain (c) Calculate each of the following in Year 2. Show your work. (i) The inflation rate in Arturia (il) The inflation rate in Ringberg (d) Based on your answer to part (c), if the nominal interest rate is the same for both nations in Year 2, which nation experiences the higher real interest rate in Year 2? Explain. (e) Ringberg produces consumer goods and capital goods. While maintaining full employment, Ringberg decides to allocate more resources to the production of consumer goods. What will be the effect on the long-run economic growth rate in Ringberg? Explain. esc C 1 のSuppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%10 - Which of the following depends on the demand for money, which we say just in case and for this purpose?A) IncomeB) to KeynesC) to the economyD) to interestE) Investment