Suppose a firm is investing in a pollution control technology to meet a regulation in three years that can reduce its emissions for any given level of output. The technology costs $40,000 to install now, but will cost only $10,000 three years later due to expected innovations. If the firm does not comply, it will have to pay fines with the amount of $5000 in the next year, $10,000 in two years, and $15,000 in three years. With an interest rate of 3%, should the firm install this technology now or later?

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