Suppose Aldo makes €8 an hour for the first 40 hours a week, and €12 an hour for any hours above 40(overtime). He has no non-labour income, and he chooses to work 50 hours a week.a. Graph this equilibrium. What is his marginal rate of substitution?b. Suppose the government prohibits overtime pay. Now, Aldo's pay is €8 an hour regardless of thenumber of hours worked. If Aldo reduces his hours of work from 50 to 40 after the governmentchange, has his utility increased or decreased relative to the equilibrium in part a? Briefly explain.

Indifference curve analysis can be used to explain why people prefer income over leisure, and why a…

Answered: Suppose Aldo makes €8 an hour for the…

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter16: Labor Markets

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16.10P

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Akua gains utility from consumption C and leisure L. The most leisure she can consume in any given week is 110 hours. Her utility function is U (C, L) = C × L. Akua receives 660 GHS each week from her great-grandmother—regardless of how much she works. a. What will be Akua’s marginal rate of substitution. b. What will be Akua’s reservation wage? (Explain in detail)
Cindy gains utility from consumption C and leisure L. The most leisure she can consume in any given week is 168 hours. Her utility function is U ( C, L) = C x L. This functional form implies that Cindy’s marginal rate of substitution is C/L. Cindy receives $630 each week from her great-grandmother—regardless of how much Cindy works. What is Cindy’s reservation wage?
Winona has 80 hours to divide between leisure and labor. Her utility function is u(r,c) = f(r) + c, when r represents hours of leisure,c represents dollars of consumption, and f is strictly concave. Winona’s wage is w0= $15/hr. initially, then it rises to w1= $20/hr. (i) Explain what happens to Winona’s labor supply when the wage rises,and why. (ii) Explain how the answer to (i) would change if Winona were to win a lottery.
Suppose the wage you are being paid per hour doubles form $15 to $30. Would you decide to work more hours or fewer hours ? Is there an income and substitution effect involved in your decision about how many hours you choose to work? If so, what is being substituted for what?
Consider a consumer who could earn $400 per week and has 50 weeks available each year to allocate between work (H) and nonmarket time (L). They have no non-labour income. Their utility function is U = C2L , where C is the value of consumption goods. What is their optimal choice for the number of weeks in nonmarket time and consumption? Show this in a diagram. Suppose the government introduces a policy that (i) offers no benefits to people who do not work, (ii) offers a wage subsidy on earnings at a rate of 25%, with a maximum benefit of $5000, and (iii) the benefit is subject to reduction at a rate of 25% for every dollar earned above $20,000 in the year. Show the person’s new budget constraint in a new diagram, and discuss how the person’s optimal choice might change (you do not have to calculate this, but point to where it is likely on the new budget constraint). Discuss how income and substitution effects play a role.
Darla gets her utility from consumption C and leisure L. The most leisure she can consume in any given week is 110 hours. Her utility function is U(C, L) = C x L. This implies that Darla’s marginal rate of substitution is C / L Darla receives $750 each week from her grandparents–regardless of how much she works. What is Darla’s reservation wage?
What happens to hours of work when the wage rate falls? Decompose the change in hours of work into income and substitution effects.
V4. Ann has non-labour income M; hourly wage rate w. She can choose how many hours she works. She can use her income to purchase consumption, each unit of consumption has price p. (a) Initially, Ann decides not to work at all. Using a consumption-leisure diagram, explain her behaviour. (b) Now, her hourly wage rate increases to w’ > w. She decides to start working. Using an appropriate diagram, explain how she decides how many hours to work using substitution and income effects.
The backward-sloping labor supply curve Juanita has 80 hours per week to devote to working or to leisure. She is paid an hourly wage and can work at her job as many hours a week as she likes. The following graph illustrates Juanita's weekly income-leisure tradeoff. The three lines labeled BC1, BC2, and BC3 illustrate her time allocation budget at three different wages; points A, B, and C show her optimal time allocation choices along each of these constraints. ATTACHED Image Q11a For each of the points listed, use the preceding graph to complete the following table by indicating the hourly wage at each point and how many hours per week Juanita will spend during leisure activities versus working. Wage Leisure Labor Point (Dollars per hour) (Hours) (Hours) A B C Based on the data you entered in the preceding table, use the orange curve (square symbols) to plot Juanita's labor supply curve on the following graph, showing how much labor…
KA. Ann has non-labour income M; hourly wage rate w. She can choose how many hours she works. She can use her income to purchase consumption, each unit of consumption has price p. (a) Initially, Ann decides not to work at all. Using a consumption-leisure diagram, explain her behaviour. (b) Now, her hourly wage rate increases to w’ > w. She decides to start working. Using an appropriate diagram, explain how she decides how many hours to work using substitution and income effects.
If the substitution effect of a wage change outweighs the income effect of a wage change, the labor-supply curve is A) horizontal. B) upward sloping. C) vertical. D) backward bending.
A worker has 110 hours available in a week that can be used for leisure (L) or work (h). The utility function is U = (1 - α)ln(C) + α ln(L), where C is consumption. a) The price per unit of consumption is 1, the hourly wage is w, and the worker has a non-labor income of V. Show that the labor supply is: h* = (110(1-a)- (av)/w). Also, find the demand for consumption and leisure. b) What is the effect on labor supply of i) an increase in the hourly wage and ii) an increase in non-labor income? c) Set α = ½. What are C, L, and h when w = 200 and V = 10000? What is the reservation wage? d) What is the effect on labor supply of i) a 30% income tax and ii) a 10% wealth tax (on V)? e) What is the labor supply if V increases to 11600? f) An increase in V to 11600 gives the worker the same utility as w = 250 and V = 10000 (you do not need to show it). What are the income, substitution, and total effects on labor supply of an increase in wage from 200 to 250 while V remains at 10000?…

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