purchasing health insurance provided that he earns less than $20,000 per year. If Andy earns $20,000 or more, his subsidy is zero. a. Draw Andy's budget constraint, assuming he nas no other non-labor income.
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- What is die price commonly called in the labor market?Other than the demand for labor, what would be another example of a 'derived demand?Using two demand and supply diagrams, one for the low-wage labor market and one for the high-wage labor market, explain how a program that increased educational levels for a substantial number of low-skill workers could reduce inflame inequality.
- Suppose Jenny has 16 hours per day to allocate between work and leisure and she earns a wage rate of $25 per hour. If at the utility-maximizing level of employment (i.e., MRSy; = w), Jenny's MUy is 20 utils, what is her MUl? O A. 1.25 utils O B. 0.8 utils O C. 500 utils O D. Cannot be determined with the information provided.Explaining the college premium in the 1970s: As shown in Figure 7.8, the col-lege wage premium declined in the 1970s. Using a supply-and-demand graph, explain why this decline might have occurred.Suppose that Congress passes a law requiringemployers to provide employees some benefit (suchas healthcare) that raises the cost of an employee by$4 per hour.a. What effect does this employer mandate haveon the demand for labor? (In answering this andthe following questions, be quantitative whenyou can.)b. If employees place a value on this benefit exactlyequal to its cost, what effect does this employermandate have on the supply of labor?c. If the wage can freely adjust to balance supply anddemand, how does this law affect the wage andthe level of employment? Are employers better orworse off? Are employees better or worse off?d. Suppose that, before the mandate, the wage in thismarket was $3 above the minimum wage. In thiscase, how does the employer mandate affect thewage, the level of employment, and the level ofunemployment?e. Now suppose that workers do not value themandated benefit at all. How does this alternativeassumption change your answers to parts(b) and (c)?
- Brenda owns a construction company that employs bricklayers and other skilled tradesmen. Her firm’s MRP for bricklayers is $22.25 per hour for each of the first seven bricklayers, $18.50 for an eighth bricklayer, and $17.75 for a ninth bricklayer. Given that she is a price taker when hiring bricklayers, how many bricklayers will she hire if the market equilibrium wage for bricklayers is $18.00 per hour? a. Zero. b. Seven. c. Eight. d. Nine. e. More information is required to answer this questionOne proposal for reforming the welfare system is to create a negative income tax. Under the negative income tax, each person is entitled to a grant of G dollars permonth. For every dollar the person earns, the grant is reduced by t dollars. a. Suppose G = 200 and t = 0.40. Consider an individual whose hourly wage = $10. There are 30 days in a month, so the total allotment of T = 720. Sketch the budgetconstraint before and after the introduction of the negative income tax. b. Would people work more or less with the implementation of this system? c. What if t = 100%? Explain!Suppose a single parent can work up to 16 hours per day at a wage rate of$10 per hour. Various income maintenance programs have been developed to assurea minimum level of income for low-income families. Aid to Families withDependent Children (AFDC) was established with the Social SecurityAct of 1935. The family was given an income subsidy depending on family size. Under this program, the family’s benefi t was reduced by $1 forevery dollar earned. Suppose the maximum daily subsidy for the singleparent described in this problem is $40.a. Draw the daily budget constraint without program participation forthe single parent described in this problem.b. On the same graph, draw the daily budget constraint under AFDC forthe single parent described in this problem.c. What effect does this program have on the incentive to work? Explain.
- Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility functiondefined over consumption and leisureU(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl1) Compare worker 1 with worker 2 whose utility function is described by U(c,l) = cl. Whichworker places a higher value on labour market work?12) Suppose the worker participates in the labour market. Derive worker’s compensated laborsupply function and the compensated labour supply elasticity with respect to wage as a functionof utility level and wage.3) Derive worker’s uncompensated labour supply function (for labour market participants andnon-participants) and the uncompensated labour supply elasticity (for labor market participants)with respect to wage as a function of non-labour income and wage.4) Derive worker’s income elasticity. Is leisure a normal or inferior good for this worker?5) Provide the functional form of the income effect from a marginal decrease in income.6) Provide the functional form of the substitution and total income…A current debate in education is whether teachersshould be paid on a standard pay scale based solelyupon their years of training and teaching experience,or whether part of their salary should be based upontheir performance (called “merit pay”).a. Why might merit pay be desirable?b. Who might be opposed to a system of merit pay?c. What is a potential challenge of merit pay?d. A related issue: Why might a school district decideto pay teachers significantly more than the salariesoffered by surrounding districts?Consider a consumer who could earn $400 per week and has 50 weeks available each year to allocate between work (H) and nonmarket time (L). They have no non-labour income. Their utility function is U = C2L , where C is the value of consumption goods. What is their optimal choice for the number of weeks in nonmarket time and consumption? Show this in a diagram. Suppose the government introduces a policy that (i) offers no benefits to people who do not work, (ii) offers a wage subsidy on earnings at a rate of 25%, with a maximum benefit of $5000, and (iii) the benefit is subject to reduction at a rate of 25% for every dollar earned above $20,000 in the year. Show the person’s new budget constraint in a new diagram, and discuss how the person’s optimal choice might change (you do not have to calculate this, but point to where it is likely on the new budget constraint). Discuss how income and substitution effects play a role.
