Suppose that there is limited commitment in the credit market, but lenders are uncertain about the value of collateral. Each consumer has a quantity of collateral H but from the point of view of the lender, there is a probability a that the collateral will be worth p in the future period and probability 1- a that the collateral will be worthless in the future period. Suppose that all consumers are identical. (Note there are good and bad borrowers) (a) Determine the collateral constraint for the consumer and show the consumer's lifetime budget constraint in a diagram. (b) How will a decrease in a affect the consumer's consumption and savings in the current period, and consumption in the future period? Explain your results.
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- Q1) An expected utility maximiser owns a car worth £60000£60000 and has a bank account with £20000£20000. The money in the bank is safe, but there is a 50%50% probability that the car will be stolen. The utility of wealth for the agent is u(y)=ln(y)u(y)=ln(y) and they have no other assets.The investor is considering how to optimally invest 1000 euros in stocks and bonds. Let's assume that the optimal decision is made based on expected utility. Suppose the investor has a utility function u(x)=ln(1+x), where x is their wealth. Let y be the proportion invested in stocks and 1−y be the proportion invested in bonds. By investing in stocks, the investor earns 1% with a probability of 39.5% and 4% with a probability of 60.5%. By investing in bonds, the investor earns a certain 2.8%. What proportion of the investment will the investor allocate to stocks and what proportion to bonds?Suppose that there are two types of workers: high and low. Employers cannot distinguish between different types during an interview. Employers value high type at $200,000 and low type at $100,000. Employers are in a competitive market (i.e. zero profit applies). High type workers have a reservation wage of 140,000 and low type workers have a reservation wage of 80,000. Suppose that 50% of all workers are high type. The productivities, reservation wages, and the probabilities are common knowledge). What wage would the employers offer? Please explain the solution!
- Adam is considering what skills to study in online school. Her utility function is based on the income she earns, and is defined by U(I) = I0.8. If she learns the skill of SPSS, she will earn $145,000 per year with probability 1. If she learns the skill of Tableau, she will earn $300,000 per year with probability 0.6 (assuming that she gets the certificate) and $30,000 with probability 0.4 (if she learns without earning a certificate and she has to find a waiter job). a. Is she risk averse, risk neutral, or risk loving? Explain.b. Write out the equation for her expected utility for each skill. c.Which skill will she learn? Show your work. d.Suppose someone offers her insurance for the possibility that she does not get a Tableau certificate. This insurance will provide her an amount of income in addition to the waiter job wages that makes her indifferent between learning SPSS and Tableau. What is this amount, and what is the cost of the insurance? (note: many possible answers)Suppose that an individual is just willing to accept a gamble to win or lose $1000 if the probability ofwinning is 0.6. Suppose that the utility gained if the individual wins is 100 utils. What is expected gains/loss.Joes initial income is y 10,000. Joe experiences illness with a probability of 20%. Jo's total medical costs associated with the illness are $1000. Joe's expected income without insurance is
- 1 A car dealer has established that 40% of his potential customers prefer single cab cars while 60% prefer double cab cars. From a recent survey among his existing clients, he obtained additional information which indicates that 15% of clients who bought single cab cars prefer air conditioning while 65% of clients who bought double cars prefer air conditioning.Required:a) What is the probability that a client who bought a single cab does not prefer air conditioning? (5)b) What is the probability that a client prefers a double cab with air conditioning?The data from 200 machined parts are summarizedas follows:y yesdepth of boreE, noabovebelowedge conditioncoarsetarget15target10moderatesmooth25205080(a) What is the probability that a part selected has a moderateedge condition and a below-target bore depth?(b) What is the probability that a part selected has a moderateedge condition or a below-target bore depth?(c) What is the probability that a part selected does not have amoderate edge condition or does not have a below-targetbore depth?(d) Construct a Venn diagram representation of the events inthis sample space.Suppose the market for auto insurance is made of up two types of buyers: high-risk and low-risk. Buyers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for auto insurance plans, and sellers’ willingness to accept (WTA) when selling plans to each type of buyer, are outlined in a photo Assume now that there is asymmetric information and that insurance companies do not knowhow risky an individual buyer is. In the face of this uncertainty, they determine that the probability that a “walk-in” is high-risk is 0.75. What is the minimum price sellers are willing to accept when selling aninsurance plan? At this price, will low- and high-risk buyers both be willing to purchase this insurance plan? Explain. Be sure the mention adverse selection in your answer. Returning to the conditions outlined in Q1, suppose that buyers of auto insurance (high- and low-risk) were offered a $1,000 subsidy to purchase coverage. This would raise their WTP by $1,000. Would the market for both insurance plans clear after the…
- . If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.The project manager of Good Public Relations gatheredthe data shown in Table 7.15 for a new advertisingcampaign.a. How long is the project likely to take? b. What is the probability that the project will take more than38 weeks?c. Consider the path A–E–G–H–J. What is the probability thatthis path will exceed 38 weeks?Avicenna is a major insurer that offers five-year life insurance policies to 65 year-olds. If the holder of one of these policies dies before the age of 70 years, the company must pay $213,000 the beneficiary of the policy. Avicena executives are considering the possibility of offering these policies to $9,380 each one. Suppose there is a 4% probability that the insured will die before the 70 age of years and a 96% probability that she will live to 70 age.If Avicena executives know they will sell many of these policies, should they expect to make or lose money by offering them? How much would they win or lose?To respond, take into account the price of the policy and the expected value of the amount paid to the beneficiary.