Suppose that you work at Turkish Patent and Trademark Office and a patent application came across your desk claiming that a new catalyst which causes higher equilibrium concentrations for the following reaction, under the same temperature and pressure conditions was developed. N205 - 2 NO2 + 1/2 O2 (all reactant and products are gases) Would you approve or decline this application? Explain.

Suppose that you work at Turkish Patent and Trademark Office and a patent application came across your desk claiming that a new catalyst which causes higher equilibrium concentrations for the following reaction, under the same temperature and pressure conditions was developed. N205 - 2 NO2 + 1/2 O2 (all reactant and products are gases) Would you approve or decline this application? Explain.

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 99AP: . Gaseous phosphorus pentachloride decomposes according to the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)The...

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. Gaseous phosphorus pentachloride decomposes according to the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)The equilibrium system was analyzed at a particular temperature, and the concentrations of the substances present were determined to be [PCl5]=1.1102M,[PCl3]=0.325M. and [Cl2]=3.9103M. Calculate the value of K for the reaction.
Because carbonic acid undergoes a second ionization, the student in Exercise 12.39 is concerned that the hydrogen ion concentration she calculated is not correct. She looks up the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO,-(aq) «=* H+(aq) + COf'(aq) Upon finding that the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 4.8 X 10“H, she decides that her answer in Exercise 12.39 is correct. Explain her reasoning. A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H,CO,(aq) 5=6 H+(aq) + HCO,'(aq) K = 4.4 X 10'7She starts with 0.1000 A1 carbonic acid. W hat are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?
Predict the temperature at which the reaction in Exercise 17.67 comes to equilibrium. Consider the equation G = H TS. At some value of T, G equals zero and the reaction is at equilibrium. Set G = 0, substitute for H and S (assuming that they do not vary much with temperature) and solve for T. CH3CHO(l)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l)
For the decomposition of Ag2O: 2Ag2O(s)4Ag(s)+O2(g)(a) Obtain an expression for G as a function of temperature. Prepare a table of G values at 100 K intervals between 100 K and 500 K. b) Calculate the temperature at which G =0.
Consider the following relationships: G = 1, H = TS, Q = 1. G = G, K = 1 Which of these relationships is(are) always true for a reaction at equilibrium?
. Ammonia. a very important industrial chemical. is produced by the direct combination of the following elements under carefully controlled conditions: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)Suppose. in an experiment, that the reaction mixture is analyzed after equilibrium is reached, and it is found, at a particular temperature. that [NH3]=0.25M,[H2]=3.4103M, and [N2]=5.3105M. Calculate the value of K at this temperature.
Consider the reaction 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g)At 500C a flask initially has all three gases, each at a partial pressure of 0.200 atm. When equilibrium is established, the partial pressure of HI is determined to be 0.48 atm. What is G for the reaction at 500C?
The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction decreases from 8.84 to 3.25 102 when the temperature increases from 25C to 75C. Estimate the temperature where K = 1.00 for this reaction. Estimate the value of S for this reaction. (Hint: Manipulate the equation in Exercise 79.)
Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?
The equilibrium constant for the butane iso-butane equilibrium at 25 C is 2.50. Calculate rG at this temperature in units of kJ/mol.
At 500C, k for the for the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases is 1.5105. N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of hydrogen if the equilibrium partial pressures of ammonia and nitrogen are 0.015 atm and 1.2 atm, respectively.
Methanol can be synthesized by means of the equilibriumreaction CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) for which the equilibrium constant at 225°C is 6.08103. Assume that the ratio of the pressures of CO(g) and H2(g) is 1:2. What values should they have if the partial pressureof methanol is to be 0.500 atm?

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