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- (a) A commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas City (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11,800 lb (about 1700 gallons) of Jet A fuel en route. Jet A fuel is kerosine based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n =6 to 16, so the carbon:hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight, how much CO2 was released into the atmosphere? Assume the combustion of the fuel was complete, so all the fuel was burned to form CO2 and H2O. Give both the mass of CO2 produced (in kg and in lbs) and the volume it would occupy at 298 K, 1 atm.(b) How much CO2 would be released into the atmosphere if those passengers and crew made the trip instead, in pairs, in hybrid cars at 40 miles per gallon. Assume the density of the gasoline is 0.75 kg L-1 and that carbon and hydrogen dominate the composition in a ratio of 1:2. The road trip is 1082 miles.On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a ‘health camp’ for the poor farmers living in a nearby village. After check-up, he was shocked to see that most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of superspeciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India. (i) Write the values shown by (a) Dr. Satpal (b) NHRC. (ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pain of terminal cancer? (iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients.A circular lake of diameter 2.5m is receiving wastewater with a flow rate of 25 L/sec from a village has phosphorus concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The lake receives Phosphorus point source concentration of 0.8 g/sec. If the wastewater is completely mixed in the pond and removes phosphorus with a removal rate of 12 m/year, find the concentration of phosphorus (mg/L) in effluent water stream? Assume steady state. (Round-off to one decimal place).
- The oxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide proceeds according to the equation2C 2H 4 +O 2 → 2C 2H 4O The feed to a reactor contains 100 kmol C 2H 4 and 100 kmol O 2. If the reaction proceeds to a point where 60 kmol of O 2 is left, what is the fractional conversion of C 2H 4? The fractional conversion of O 2? The extent of reaction?Background info: The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, colloquially known as Spirulina is/was a popular health food/supplement because it is extremely rich in amino acids and vitamins. However, these cyanobacteria also happen to be extremely good at absorbing lead, which means that these supplements are often contaminated with toxic amounts of heavy metals. One suggested application for these cyanobacteria is in bioremediation systems for industrial/mining wastewater contaminated with lead. Question: What is the difference between remediating toxic elements like lead versus toxic organic compounds like TCDD?SpaceX recently launched their Falcon Heavy rocket (Feb. 6, 2018). It is based on their existing Falcon 9 rocket. The Falcon 9 rocket has a first stage which is a 40 m high by 3.7 m diameter cylinder. This cylinder contains the fuel used to propel the rocket which consists of RP-1 (rocket propellant-1, high grade kerosene), and liquid oxygen, O2 (`). RP-1 is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons but let’s approximate it with a chemical composition of C12H26. The densities of the fuel are ρ (RP − 1) = 0.83 g cm3 ρ (liquid O2) = 1.141 g cm3 If the total volume available for the two tanks is contained in the 40 m high by 3.7 m diameter first stage, determine the volume of each individual tank that will provide the exact amount of RP-1 and oxygen for the reation (no limiting reagent) and take up the entire volume of the first stage. Here are some suggestions to guide you. 1. Write a balanced combustion reaction for C12H26 with O2. 2. Determine the ratio of the volumes of the individual RP-1…
- Jansen Gas creates three types of aviation gasoline(avgas), labeled A, B, and C. It does this by blendingfour feedstocks: Alkylate; Catalytic CrackedGasoline; Straight Run Gasoline; and Isopentane.Jansen’s production manager, Dave Wagner, hascompiled the data on feedstocks and gas types inTables 4.6 and 4.7. Table 4.6 lists the availabilitiesand values of the feedstocks, as well as their keychemical properties, Reid vapor pressure, and octanerating. Table 4.7 lists the gallons required, theprices, and chemical requirements of the three gastypes. Table 4.6 Data on Feedstocks Feedstock Alkylate CCG SRG Isopentane Gallons available (1000s) 140 130 140 110 Value per gallon $4.50 $2.50 $2.25 $2.35 Reid vapor pressure 5 8 4 20 Octane (low TEL) 98 87 83 101 Octane (high TEL) 107 93 89 108 Table 4.7 Data on Gasoline Gasoline A B C Gallons required (1000s) 120 130 120 Price per gallon $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 Max Reid pressure 7 7 7 Min octane 90 97 100 TEL level Low High High Note that each feedstock…Ethanol Fuel C2H6O is burned with atmospheric air in a stoichiometric ratio. The coefficient of air is:Select one:a. 13.8b. 14.28c. 12.8d. 13.3Producer gas analyzing 25% CO, 13.2% H2, 0.40% CH4, 5.4% CO2, 0.80% O2 and 55% N2 isburned in excess air at 250C, 745 mmHg and 70% RH. Partial Orsat analysis of the stack gasshows 16.13% CO2, 1.79% CO and 0.72% H2. Calculate:a. Partial pressure of H2O in the stack gas if the stack gas leaves at 1 atmb. Dew point of the stack gas
- The goal is to convince an investor to invest in your company so that you can build a factory to make ester compounds. For example, you could make hexyl pentanoate, and sell it for use in perfumes and make the investor money. You must come up with a compound that you can make and sell. You can use your textbooks and theinternet as resources. You can also access the link: https://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2013/12/13/infographic-table-of-estersand-their-smells/ to look at an infographic of the ester compounds responsible for the smell of different fruits, perfumes and flowers. At the end of your research, you must have the compound table filled outButane (C4H10)(C4H10) and dry air are fed to a combustion reactor at a steady rate of 45.9 mol/s45.9 mol/s butane and 2500.0 mol/s2500.0 mol/s dry air. Assume the butane reacts completely to produce CO2CO2 and H2O.H2O. The reactants enter the reactor at 25 ∘C25 ∘C and the products leave the reactor at 1110.4 ∘C.1110.4 ∘C. Calculate the percent excess air. Using the information below, find the heat interaction. Species ΔHf at 298 K(kJ/mol) CP (kJ/kmol·K) O2 0 3.5R N2 0 3.5R C4H10 -125.5 12R CO2 -393.5 3.5R H2O -241.8 3.5RThe oxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide proceeds according to the equation2C 2H 4 +O 2 ! 2C 2H 4OThe feed to a reactor contains 100 kmol C 2H 4 and 100 kmol O 2. If the reaction proceeds to completion, how much of the excess reactant will be left; how much C 2H 4O will be formed; and what is the extent of reaction?