Table 16-3 The following table shows the output produced by each of the top eight firms in four industries as well as the total industry output for those industries. Firm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Industry A 50,000 47,000 43,000 38,000 32,000 25,000 17,000 8,000 270,000 Industry B Industry C 18,000 37,000 40,000 17,750 36,500 39,000 17,250 35,500 37,000 16,500 34,000 34,000 15,500 32,000 30,000 14,250 29,500 25,000 12,750 26,500 19,000 11,000 23,000 12,000 130,000 300,000 250,000 approximately 46% approximately 54% approximately 57% approximately 61% Industry D Refer to Table 16-3. What is the concentration ratio for Industry B?
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- Firms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz and Perry the Platipus have decided to venture into farming. They both participated in the venture eqully well, so at the end of the year, their farm produced five geese, each laying golden egs. Perry and Dr. Doof have to decide how to divide these five geese among themselves -- there are no market where they could sell them and there is not sharing or time-share arrangements possible. In other words, either they use the goose or loose it. Evidently, they cannot split an egg-laying goose in half.(a) Give an example of economically efficient allocation of golden egg laying geese between Perry and Dr. Doof. Briefly explain why the allocation you provide is efficient. (b) Give an example of an allocation of geese between the two that you think is fair (equitable). Briefly explain why it is fair in your opinion. (c) If the allocation in (a) is not the same as the one in (b), is it possible to come up with an allocation of geese that would be both efficient and…Let’s assume that in California a corporation that produces electricity controls the market where its electricity is purchased and sold, then it would most probably Group of answer choices have legal protection to prevent copying its methods of production for commercial use. cut production, raise prices and realize positive economic profits. have a patent giving it exclusive legal rights to make, use, and sell for a limited time. export its product to other countries.
- There is much evidence that large firms with considerable market power (firms such asmonopolies) may not maximize profits but may pursue quite different objectives such asgrowth or sales revenue maximization. What are the arguments put forward to defendmonopoly? Name any 5 Generally, the aim of a business is to maximize profit. Which point should a firm operateat in order to achieve maximum profit? By making use of a graph indicate clearly the pointat which a firm makes maximum profit and a point where a firm increase their output inorder to enhance profit as well as well as the points where they should reduce theirproduction if they want to enhance profitQuestion 1.Assume there are only two art auction companies who account for 100% of all the sales of 19thCentury impressionist master work paintings in the world. Assume that each company buys thiskind of painting and then resells the paintings at monthly auctions. Ignoring the question of anylaws that might apply, describe what economic arrangement would maximize the twocompanies’ total profits? Show with supply and demand curves what profit they would makefrom this arrangement and what societal welfare loss, if any, results from it.Acme Drug Co. has a patent on the drug A-rene, the annual demand for which can be described by the demand curve: Q = 4500 - 300P. Production of the drug requires an annual fixed cost of $3,000 and a per unit marginal cost of $5. (i) How many units of the drug will Acme produce each year, and what price will it charge, in order to maximize its profits? What will be its annual profits? (ii) Now suppose that the Better Drug Co. has discovered B-rene, a new drug which seems to be identical to A-rene in all its effects. If Better enters the market, competition with Acme will conform to a Cournot duopoly. Better’s costs are identical to those of Acme. What would be the equilibrium outcome of this duopoly? Specifically, how much would each firm produce and what would be the price? How much profit would each firm make? Would Better find it profitable to enter the market? (iii) Would it be in the interests of society as a whole for Better Drug to enter into production? Identify the gainers and…
- Complete the table below and graph the AR, MR, MC, and AC Q Price TR AR MR TC MC Profit 0 30 0 0 0 70 -70 5 27 135 27 27 135 0 10 24 240 24 21 197 43 15 21 315 21 15 252 63 20 18 360 18 9 300 60 25 15 375 15 3 345 30 30 12 360 12 -3 383 -23 35 9 315 9 -9 428 -113 40 6 240 6 -15 478 -238 45 3 135 3 -21 533 -398 50 0 0 0 -27 593 -593 Provide a brief explanation of the firm's behavior to set production at 20 units at the price of P18 per unit.Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve asthe incumbent tries to break into the market by selling4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what thenew firm’s average cost of producing output would be.If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, howmuch output would the two firms supply to the market?Estimate what would happen to the market price as aresult of the supply of both the incumbent firm andthe new entrant. Approximately how much profit wouldeach firm earn?onsider the table below and assume the market price is $35 per unit. Totalproduct Totalfixed cost TotalVariablecost 0 150 0 1 150 50 2 150 75 3 150 112.4 4 150 150 5 150 200 6 150 270 7 150 360 8 150 475 9 150 620 10 150 800 Now assume there are 600 identical firms in this industry, that is, there are 600 firms, each of which has the same cost data as the single firm discussed above. Suppose, too, that the demand curve for this industry is as follows: Price Quantitydemanded $20 6,800 30 5,975 45 5,500 60 5,125 75 4,500 95 4,200 120 3,600 150 2,400 In equilibrium each firm will realize: Multiple Choice an economic profit of $155. a loss of $45. an economic profit of $35. a loss of $135.
- 3 1. Describe the bidding process by which the electricity generation sector provides electricity to pooling and balancing authorities. Additionally, show this process by building an electricity supply curve. a. What antitrust and regulation concerns are present at the wholesale stage of the electricity market? b. Describe a market design that reduces market manipulation in wholesale electricity markets. Show that the Nash equilibrium under this market design will result in generators bidding their true marginal cost of production. c. Describe a vertically integrated industry as it pertains to the electricity sector. d. Describe non-linear (two part) pricing as it pertains to retail electricity sales. What is the purpose of this pricing system?The table below presents the industry output for three different industries. Firm Industry 1 Output Industry 2 Output Industry 3 Output Firm A 25 300 75 Firm B 25 0 75 Firm C 25 0 75 Firm D 25 0 0 All other firms 375 0 0 Instructions: Round your answers to two decimal places. a. Calculate the four-firm concentration ratio for each industry. Industry 1: % Industry 2: % Industry 3: % b. Based on the information provided, what market structure best characterizes each industry? Industry 1: Industry 2: Industry 3:As CEO of firm A, you and your management team face the decision ofwhether to undertake a $200 million R&D effort to create a new megamedicine.Your research scientists estimate that there is a 40 percentchance of successfully creating the drug. Success means securing aworldwide patent worth $550 million (implying a net profit of $350million). However, firm B (your main rival) has just announced that it isspending $150 million to pursue development of the same medicine (bya scientific method completely independent of yours). You judge that B’schance of success is 30 percent. Furthermore, if both firms aresuccessful, they will split equally the available worldwide profits($275 million each) based on separate patents.a. Given its vast financial resources, firm A is risk neutral. Should firm Aundertake the $200 million R&D effort? (Use a decision tree to justifyyour answer.)b. Now suppose that it is feasible for firm A to delay its R&D decisionuntil after the result of B’s…