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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter10: Properties Of Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ

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can you help with sub questions A, B and C

3. The boiling point composition diagram for a binary mixture of benzene and isopropanol is
shown below:
82.0
80.0
78.0
76.0
74.0
72.0
70.0
0.0
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Xisopropanol
(a) What is the boiling point of pure isopropanol?
(b) What is the boiling point of the solution when Xisopropanol = 0.90?
(c) What is the composition of the vapor immediately above the solution in part b?
(d) Given the pot solution is 90% isopropanol and efficient fractional distillation is used,
what is the composition of the initial liquid isolated in the receiving flask? What
would be the composition of the initial distillate if the starting pot solution was 50%
Boiling Point (°C)

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The vapor pressures of several solutions of water-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) were determined at various compositions, with the following data collected at 45C: H2O Vapor pressure(torr) 0 74.0 0.15 77.3 0.37 80.2 0.54 81.6 0.69 80.6 0.83 78.2 1.00 71.9 a. Are solutions of water and propanol ideal? Explain. b. Predict the sign of Hsoln for water-propanol solutions. c. Are the interactive forces between propanol and water molecules weaker than, stronger than, or equal to the interactive forces between the pure substances? Explain. d. Which of the solutions in the data would have the lowest normal boiling point?
A gaseous solute dissolves in water. The solution process has H=15 kJ. Its solubility at 22C and 6.00 atm is 0.0300 M. Would you expect the solubility to be greater or less at (a) 22C and 1 atm? (a) 18C and 6 atm? (a) 15C and 10 atm? (a) 35C and 3 atm?
A solution is made by dissolving 34.0 g of NaCl in 100 g of H2O at 0C. Based on the data in Table 8-1, should this solution be characterized as a. saturated or unsaturated b. dilute or concentrated
Which solute has the greatest effect on the boiling pointof 1.00 kg of water: 50.0 g of strontium chloride (SrCl2) or 150.0 g of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ? Justify youranswer.
Reserpine is a natural product isolated from the roots of the shrub Rauwolfia serpenlina. It was first synthesized in 1956 by Nobel Prize winner R. B. Woodward. It is used as a tranquilizer and sedative. When 1.00 g reserpine is dissolved in 25.0 g camphor, the freezing-point depression is 2.63C (Kr for camphor is 40.C kg/mol). Calculate the molality of the solution and the molar mass of reserpine.
What is the total vapor pressure at 20C of a liquid solution containing 0.30 mole fraction benzene, C6H6, and 0.70 mole fraction toluene, C6H5CH3? Assume that Raoults law holds for each component of the solution. The vapor pressure of pure benzene at 20C is 75 mmHg; that of toluene at 20C is 22 mmHg.
(a) If you dissolve 10.0 g (about one heaping teaspoonful) of sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11) in a cup of water (250. g), what are the mole fraction, molality, and weight percent of sugar? (b) Seawater has a sodium ion concentration of 1.08 104 ppm. If the sodium is present in the form of dissolved sodium chloride, what mass of NaCl is in each liter of seawater? Seawater is denser than pure water because of dissolved salts. Its density is 1.05 g/mL
In terms of Raoults law, distinguish between an ideal liquid-liquid solution and a nonideal liquid-liquid solution. lf a solution is ideal, what is true about Hsoln, T for the solution formation, and the interactive forces within the pure solute and pure solvent as compared to the interactive forces within the solution? Give an example of an ideal solution. Answer the previous two questions for solutions that exhibit either negative or positive deviations from Raoults law.
The organic salt [(C4H9)4N][ClO4] consists of the ions (C4H9)4N+ and ClO4. The salt dissolves in chloroform. What mass (in grams) of the salt must have been dissolved if the boiling point of a solution of the salt in 25.0 g chloroform is 63.20 C? The normal boiling point of chloroform is 61.70 C and Kb = 3.63 C kg mol1. Assume that the salt dissociates completely into its ions in solution.
The Rast method uses camphor (C10H16O) as a solvent for determining the molar mass of a compound. When 2.50 g of cortisone acetate are dissolved in 50.00 g of camphor (k f =40.0C/m), the freezing point of the mixture is 173.44C; that of pure camphor is 178.40C. What is the molar mass of cortisone acetate?

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