The cath sample was both filtered to remove all bacteria, and then treated with DNase.  Based on what you know about the cath sample contents, how did the bacteria exposed to this treated sample still become antibiotic resistant?

Q: During plasmid extraction, a student used water during the wash steps instead of ethanol. How it…

A: A plasmid extraction is a process in which  DNA is  extracted and purified. A plasmid DNA is short…

Q: Which of the following objects would you use microinjection in order to transfer DNA into? a. Egg…

A: Microinjection is the process of transferring DNA materials into a living cell. It can be done by…

Q: How would restriction enzymes play a role in having an organismproduce a protein that it normally…

A: Restriction enzymes are specialized proteins produced by the bacteria that cut the DNA at a specific…

Q: Enzymes of bacterial origin used in a wide variety of techniques are: ligases restriction…

A: DNA polymerase

Q: You have discovered a new species of archaea from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park.  After…

A: In prokaryotes, the genome consists of a single DNA molecule. These genomes are much longer than the…

Q: Why is pure culture and culture collection important in identifying novel species of bacteria?

A: A pure culture is a population of cells or multicellular organisms growing in the absence of other…

Q: Most prokaryotic organisms produce one or more enzymes to defend themselves against the infection by…

A: Bacteria constitute a wide domain of prokaryotic microbes with majorly varying lengths and a number…

Q: Explain The replica plating technique?

A: Replica plating is used in the microbiological experiment. It helps in the testing of various…

Q: How is bacterial transformation useful to us?

A: Bacterial transformation is the process of horizontal gene transfer where in the bacteria take up…

Q: Sequence of which of the following cannot be determined using the Maxam Gilbert method?a) Bacteriab)…

A: In the year 1973, Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam developed DNA sequencing method by chemical…

Q: frederic griffith used the word transformation to describe the changes in bacteria that he observed.…

A: Frederic Griffith was a British bacteriologist whose experiments proved the existence of a…

Q: After you get your gene block, you do a restriction enzyme digest and ligation reaction with the…

A: Bacterial transformation is the transfer of free DNA/extrachromosomal DNA /plasmid released from a…

Q: Why doesn't the CRISPR system cut the bacterium's own DNA, at the point in its genome where it…

A: CRISPR is an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. This name refers…

Q: A Hfr bacterium mates with an F- plasmid containing bacterium. What will be the type of bacteria…

A: High-frequency recombination (Hfr) cell is a bacterium that carries a conjugative plasmid ( F…

Q: Explain the basis for identification using DNA fingerprinting. – relate this to Microbiology not to…

A: DNA fingerprinting is a chemical test that shows the genetic makeup of a person or other living…

Q: How could bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic?

A: Bacteria are usually visible under the microscope only. The organisms included in this category are…

Q: Why do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: Explain the process of bacterial DNA extraction.

A: DNA extraction DNA extraction is a method of separation and isolation of pure DNA from other…

Q: In the experiment of Avery, McLeod, and McCarty, the additionof RNase or protease to a DNA extracta.…

A: Avery, McLeod, and McCarty were the three scientists who performed an experiment and reported their…

Q: What is one way to determine whether a bacterial culture has receiveda recombinant plasmid?

A: Plasmids are small, extra chromosomal, and double stranded DNA structures that can replicate…

Q: True or False: Restriction enzymes normally prevent viral DNA or RNA entry in bacteria.

A: A bacterium utilizes a restriction protein to defend against bacterial infections called…

Q: Explain in your own words how bacteria are grown to form the sample for the antibiotic resistance…

A: Antibiotic resistance The term antibiotic resistance is made up of two words i.e. resistance(ability…

Q: Below are the events that occur when recombinant DNA procedure is performed. Identify and describe…

A: Genetic engineering is the field of biology which uses concepts like recombinant DNA technology, in…

Q: Because bacteria are able to replicate at high rates, they aresubjected to mistakes or mutations…

A: Mutations in genes Single DNA base alterations, as well as minor intragenic deletions and…

Q: Describe ,A Hfr bacterium mates with an F- plasmid containing bacterium. What

A: PLASMIDS- It was discovered that maleness in bacteria is determined by a transmissible genetic…

Q: In the bacterial transformation experiment, what is the primary purpose of using an…

A: Transformation experiment was given by Griffith. In bacteria, DNA can be transferred using…

Q: Which plate could represent the results of the transformation experiment positive control plated on…

A: Transformation can be defined as the process in which the plasmid of the bacteria is replicated. It…

Q: How do the following factors affect the activity of restriction enzymes? pH conditions Mg2+…

A: Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) are the enzymes that can cleave at specific sites in…

Q: Given that antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are a concern to the general health of a…

A: The antibiotics are a special substances that are released by some bacteria to kill or inhibit the…

Q: distinguish between bacterial cells that obtained the plasmid and those that did not

A: Bacteria are single celled organisms with a unique internal structure.

Q: When Griffith injected mice with a combination of live rough-strain and heat-killed smooth-strain…

A: Frederick Griffith was responsible for conducting an experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae,…

Q: Based on the image below of a Kirby-Bauer assay, this bacteria is most susceptible to which…

A: Antibiotics are substances that have the ability to kill bacteria or restrict their growth. They are…

Q: Bacterial mutants can be classified on the basis of the method, Which is those methods?

A: Microorganisms undergo mutations under environmental stress that causes sudden heritable changes in…

Q: Do you think that bacteria lacking the ice-protein could be isolated without the use of modern dna…

A: Bacteria are a type of living microorganism. These single-celled creatures are found everywhere on…

Q: The purpose of using soap in the DNA extraction activity using frozen strawberries is to

A: A gene is an area of DNA molecule or polymer of amino acid that encodes function. A chromosome…

Q: In the bacterial transformation experiment, what is the primary purpose of using an…

A: Bacteria are Prokaryotic microbes which undergo splitting process and form similar cells. Genetic…

Q: How to identify the type of genomic DNA isolation contamination and how to eliminate this…

A: It is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra chromosomal DNAs like plasmids. Most organisms have the…

Q: Why are plasmids used for transformation?

A: Transformation is the genetic alteration in a cell by direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous…

Q: Why do we use an Electron Scanning Microscope to see bacteriophages over other microscopes?

A: Microscopes are laboratory and scientific instrument that are used to enlarge objects and specimens…

Q: How do the following factors affect the activity of restriction enzymes? pH conditions Mg2+…

A: Restriction enzymes are those enzymes which cut the DNA at specific places so that they can be used…

Q: What would happen to a bacteria that lost a plasmid for antibiotic resistance?  Would it still be…

A: The term Antibiotic resistance  refers to the phenomenon where the bacteria develops a resistance…

Q: Why are antibiotic resistance genes usually included in plasmids used for genetic transformation?

A: Bacterial transformation is the process of transferring the genetic material from one bacterium to…

Q: True or False: Plasmids can ONLY be used in transforming bacterial cells.

A: Plasmid is small , circular double stranded DNA that is different from chromosomal DNA of cell.…

Q: Which organism would be your first choice for transformation: a bacterium, earthworm, fish or mouse?…

A: In a process known as transformation, bacteria may pick up foreign DNA. In DNA cloning,…

Q: How are we to know which of the bacteria have taken up the plasmid?

A: The process by which the bacterial host takes up the plasmid is referred to as transformation. The…

Q: a bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the…

A: In the modern age of technological revolution, various different techniques of genetic engineering…

Q: What is PCR? Why does Taq polymerase work better than a typical DNA Polymerase isolated from E. coli…

A: A groundbreaking move for molecular biology has been demonstrated by the discovery of polymerase…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.