The charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid + tRNA + ATP → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPI where PPI is pyrophosphate (see figure 3–40). in the aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acid and tRNA are linked with a high-energy covalent bond; a large portion of the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is thus stored in this bond and is available to drive peptide bond formation at the later stages of protein synthesis. the free-energy change of the charging reaction shown in the equation is close to zero and therefore would not be expected to favor attachment of the amino acid to tRNA. Can you suggest a further step that could drive the reaction to completion?

The charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid + tRNA + ATP → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPI where PPI is pyrophosphate (see figure 3–40). in the aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acid and tRNA are linked with a high-energy covalent bond; a large portion of the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is thus stored in this bond and is available to drive peptide bond formation at the later stages of protein synthesis. the free-energy change of the charging reaction shown in the equation is close to zero and therefore would not be expected to favor attachment of the amino acid to tRNA. Can you suggest a further step that could drive the reaction to completion?

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: Gene Expression And Control

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CT

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The covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it requires an input of energy for the reaction to proceed. Where does the energy come from to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules?
If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 5'-CAU-3', What would be an amino acid carried by that tRNA? Phe, Val, His, or Met?
The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified bases, what is the minimum number of tRNAs needed to recognize the codons for the following types of amino acids? A. Leucine B. Methionine C. Serine
In the tertiary structure of tRNA, where is the anticodon region relative to the attachment site for the amino acid? Are these located adjacent to each other?
What naturally found amino acyl tRNA synthetase can be used to attach 2-aminobutyric acid to a tRNA? Explain why
If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 5'-CAU-3', What would be an amino acid carried by that tRNA?
Which of the following cannot be said regarding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase? It is essential for the correct reading of codons. A single tRNA synthetase can attach different amino acids to their corresponding tRNA. It is first activated when it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and an amino acid to form an aminoacyladenylic acid (amino acyl-AMP). It is responsible for the attachment of the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA. There is a different tRNA synthetase for each amino acid that will be attached to a tRNA.
Suppose the following peptide chain was attached to a gly -tRNA during translation : met -leu-asp -glu-asn -cys gly - tRNA a. If the next incoming tRNA carries serine , where will serine be added to the growing polypeptide chain ? Write the new peptide chain. Label both ends of the peptide . b. Where in the ribosome are the peptide chains located ? 1. New chain 2. Old chain
Which of the following is not true? A.) A single activating enzyme can interact with all the tRNAs for its corresponding amino acid B.) The selectivity of the aminoacyl-tRNA sunthetases for their tRNA molecules is oftern called the second Genetic code C.) There are two major classes of aminoacyl-tRNA syntetases D.) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link amino acids to tRNA molecules without the need for an energy source
The wobble pairing rule states that a 'U' in teh anticodon wobble position can pair with 'A' or 'G', whereas a 'C' in the wobble position of the anticodon can only pair with 'G'. what is the anticodon found on the Methionine tRNA?
For the m-RNA nucleotide codons given below, what is the corresponding sequence of amino acids? AUG UGU AUA UAU GUA AUC ACC UUC UAU GUA ACA UUU UGG AAC AGC UGC CAU GUA UAC CAG AAA CUU GCA GAG CUG GCU UUG AUA UGA The α-helices are known to contain primarily the amino acids methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and lysine, while β-pleated sheets are known to primarily contain the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Which one of these two types of secondary protein structure is present with this amino acid sequence?
The following triplets constitute anticodons found on a series of tRNAs. Name the amino acid carried by each of these tRNAs. a. 5′ –UUU–3′ b. 5′ –GAC–3′ c. 5′ –UUG–3′ d. 5′ –CAG–3′